Electrochemical cell lab Aim Essay Example for Free

Electrochemical cell lab Aim Essay Point :- To discover the plausibility of a redox response by taking a gander at the cell capability of the response . Quantitative perception The table beneath shows the estimations of cell potential that were recorded when the examination was performed Response Cell potential (ÂÂ ±0.01V) CuSO4 and ZnSO4 0.99V CuSO4 and AgNO3 0.64V Ag 1.39V Subjective Observation Response Obsevrations CuSO4 and ZnSO4 Copper sulfate abandons clear to blue , though zinc sulfate stays dry CuSO4 and AgNO3 Copper sulfate is blue in shading , silver nitrate is drab Ag Information handling Trial 1 Zn(s) - Zn2+ (aq) + 2e-(aq) Cu2+ (aq) + 2e-(aq) - Cu (s) Cu2+ (aq) + Zn(s) - Cu(s) + Zn2+ (aq) Trial 2 Cu(s) - Cu2+ (aq)+ 2e-(aq) Ag+(aq) + e-(aq) - Ag(s) Cu(s) + 2Ag+ (aq) - Cu2+ (Aq) + 2Ag (s) Trial 3 Zn(s) - Zn2+ (aq) + 2e-(aq) Ag+ (aq) + e-(aq)- Ag(s) Zn(s) + 2Ag+ (aq) - Zn2+ (aq) + 2Ag (s) The table underneath shows the writing esteems for the particular cell potential Response Cell potential (ÂÂ ±0.01V) CuSO4 and ZnSO4 0.34V CuSO4 and AgNO3 0.46 V. Ag 1.10 V Mistake rate = (|difference between the writing and test value|)/(the writing esteem )x100 = (|0.34V 0.99V|)/(0.34V) x100 = 191.17% We can correspondingly discover the mistake rates for other cell possibilities moreover The table underneath shows the particular mistake rates of every one of the cell potential Response Mistake rate CuSO4 and ZnSO4 191.17% CuSO4 and AgNO3 39.13% Ag 16.36% Hypothesis Electrochemical cells In an electrochemical cell, power is delivered through substance responses. There comprise two cathodes: the negative terminal and the positive anode. At the negative cathode

Formative, Summative and Confirmative Evaluation Assignment

Developmental, Summative and Confirmative Evaluation - Assignment Example While summative assessment centers around the result or the viability of the program. It is utilized to quantify viability of a presentation intercession or assesses if the mediations during the procedure have come about into a powerful result (Van Tiem et al., 2000, p. 157). Summative assessment as the name recommends sums up the outcome after the entire procedure was made by surveying whether the item can be said to have caused the result; deciding the general effect of the causal factor past just the quick objective results; and, evaluating the relative expenses related with the article (Trochim, 2006). In actuality, confirmative assessment, dissimilar to the initial two spotlights on deciding the sufficiency of capability of the students. Confirmative Evaluation is applied to dissect long haul execution by gathering, inspecting and deciphering information and data so as to decide the proceeding with fitness of students or the proceeding with adequacy of instructional materials (Van Tiem et al., 2000, p.157-158). Look into The advantages of utilizing the developmental assessment incorporate empowering the educators to survey the understudies with what they have to do and altering so as to have a superior exercises and exercises. It likewise permits them to know whether their program is working, and they permit understudies to know their own advancement. Understudies are progressively persuaded in light of the fact that they figure out how to evaluate themselves (Boston, 2002). Summative evaluation’s benefits are the educators can figure out where the student’s feeble region is and they can give a superior arrangement. It likewise gauges the achievement of their preparation program and it makes the understudies gain certainty realizing that their advancement is acceptable (Boston, 2002). Confirmative evaluation’s advantage is that it investigates long haul execution and it can quantify whether the students are able and whether the materials utilized are compelling. Developmental and summative assessment gives a quick arrangement while confirmative gives an answer after a timeframe. Instructors are confronted with the test of building up their own evaluations and it’s frequently a test particularly for new educators to comprehend the contrasts between the kinds of

Disagree Essay Better Life than Our Parents

Sample TOEFL Agree/Disagree Essay Better Life than Our Parents The QuestionDo you agree or disagree with the following statement? In my country, young people have a better life today than their parents enjoyed when they were young. Use reasons and examples to support your answer.Note: This essay uses our TOEFL essay templates.Special Offer: TOEFL Essay Evaluation and ScoringYou can now sign up to have your practice essays evaluated and scored by the author of this web page. Its a great way to learn how you will do before test day and how you can best prepare for the test. Sign up today.The Sample EssayThe world has changed in many since my parents were young. In my opinion, my lifestyle is superior to the one they enjoyed at that time. I feel this way for two reasons, which I will explore in the following essay. First of all, my generation enjoys a lot more leisure time, which makes our lives more fulfilling and enables us to follow our passions. People today take longer vacations and have more paid time off from their jobs than either of my par ents did while they were still employed. Similarly, we have much shorter working days than they did. For example, nowadays I receive five weeks off from my job each year. I can schedule these holidays as I wish, and even use all of my vacation days at the same time. As a result, I have been able pursue my love of travel. Unlike earlier generations, I have been able to maintain steady professional employment for my whole life so far, and have also been able to visit every continent on earth. My parents, in contrast, were only able to travel following their retirement. At that time, however, their age and physical conditions limited their range of experiences.Secondly, society provides many more opportunities for women and minorities these days. In the past, disadvantaged groups had a tough time achieving personal and professional success. While this is still something of a concern, it is now much easier for members of such groups to follow their dreams. My own experience, is a compel ling example of this. When I was a young woman I was encouraged to attend university and later enter the workforce. On the other hand, my mother was expected to raise children and be a homemaker. She dreamed of being a business executive and making a lot of money, but her parents and teachers discouraged her from doing that. Unlike me, she was pressured to give up all of her professional aspirations. Her example demonstrates why my life is preferable to the life which she lived when she was young. In conclusion, I strongly believe that I have an easier and better life than my parents had just a few decades ago. This is because I enjoy much more leisure time than they did, and because women today have many more opportunities than they did in the past. (392 words)

American Caffeine Consumption Essay - 2026 Words

Overview Many people consume caffeine, some consume multiple servings and various forms of caffeine throughout their day, and it is estimated that more than 85% of Americans consume some form of caffeine every day. Caffeine consumption ranges from being the first thing people drink in the morning, to a late afternoon or evening pick me up; this is mainly due to the fact that caffeine is a stimulant which effects cortisone and adrenaline production both of which the body produces as a reaction to stress. Caffeine is a psychoactive drug and is the most frequently consumed stimulant worldwide. Stimulants are chemicals that heighten the bodies’ nervous and physiological activities such as blood pressure, awareness, heart rate, energy, and†¦show more content†¦2.) Whether or not women feel consuming caffeine lessen the stress they experience during the day, this is important because the response provides the basis for the proposals hypothesis and null hypothesis. 3.) W hether or not women consumed caffeine as a means to alleviate stress, this is important because it will establish the women consuming caffeine for taste and pleasure from those consuming caffeine to cope with stress. 4.) What percentage of women ages 21 to 65 consume caffeine during their day, this is important, as it will provide statistical data for the research. 5.) If women consumed caffeine when they were not feeling stressed, this is important because it provides information that could be utilized to accept or reject the hypothesis. 6.) If women felt consuming caffeine increased their stress, this is important because caffeine affects individuals differently and the answer could be use to accept or reject the hypothesis. The proposal’s focal relationship examines caffeine intake and stress among women ages 21 to 65 years old. Thus, the relational research question chosen for the proposal is as follows: what is the relationship between caffeine intake and stress amon g women ages 21 to 65 years old? This question was chosen because it allows a broadened explanation to emerge and allows greater insight regarding the underlying issue, how we cope with stress to be gained. The hypothesis is that caffeine consumption decreases stress in womenShow MoreRelatedEffect of Caffeine Consumption on Academic Performance in College Undergraduates1728 Words   |  7 Pagesof Caffeine Consumption on Academic Performance in College Undergraduates Morgan Bolen, Maria Naula-Quintero, and Carlin Wright Michigan State University Abstract In this study we are interested in assessing the relationship between average amount of caffeine consumed per day and academic performance. We hypothesized that an increase in average caffeine consumed per day would result in increased academic success. A short survey was composed based on average amount of caffeine consumedRead MoreEffects Of Caffeine On Our Health959 Words   |  4 PagesLately Americans have had a need for speed, an average of about 44% of people in the workforce claim they can’t commute or have a conversation without coffee in the morning (Kilcarr). The need for caffeine by most Americans has come to an all time high with people trying to do more than ever before. However, there are now multiple ways for people to get their much needed caffeine fix. Whether that be through energy drinks or a new form of powdered caffeine, people still have a need for it. The FDARead MoreEssay about The Effects of Caffeine870 Words   |  4 PagesEffects of Caffeine Works Cited Not Included Caffeine has played a central role in many cultures. Coffee was first discovered over 1000 years ago, and approximately 75% of Americans drink coffee on a regular basis. Despite the thousand years that have passed, there is still controversy surrounding the biological effects of coffee and its primary active ingredient, caffeine. CaffeineRead MoreThe Age Old Debate of Caffeine Consumption1319 Words   |  5 Pagesthat children and parents have quarreled over for what seems like centuries is does caffeine have an significant affect on a child? Although most parents wouldnt dream of giving their kids a cup of coffee, but might buy soft drinks for their children routinely. Foods and drinks with caffeine are everywhere, but what you are going to learn is the actual effect that caffeine has on a child and if minimum consumption is rightfully enforced by parents. It is time for the ancient fight between you parentsRead MoreEffects Of Caffeine On The Brain1507 Words   |  7 PagesCaffeine is a brain booster meaning it is a stimulant. Caffeine stimulates different parts of the brain producing a wide variety of outcomes. It can enhance your mood during day to day activities which could be beneficial for those suffering from depression. Depression is a major mental disorder in the United States and caffeine has been shown to reverse this mood state. Memory is a major part of the human brain and brings about different feelings to a person. They can be improved with caffeine asRead MoreInformative Essay On Caffeine900 Words   |  4 PagesCaffeine. From your morning cup of coffee to the pain relievers for your headache, nearly 90% of Americans consume it daily, making it America’s most popular drug. Caffeine is the most widely used stimulant around the world and present in many different products including coffee, tea, energy drinks, chocolates, and over-the-counter medications. Caffeine is a stimulant to the central nervous system that can cause physical dependence, but doesn’t threaten the health of the consumer the way addictiveRead MoreInformative Caffeine Speech Essay646 Words   |  3 Pagessoda daily? Well we aren’t alone; according to Villanova Health Service about 90 percent of Americans consume caffeine i n one way or another every single day. Transition: So what is caffeine you generally think of it in, Coffee, tea, soda, and chocolate, and its part of almost all college students daily diet. I. Caffeine A. What is caffeine 1. According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary caffeine is defined as a bitter alkaloid C8H10N4O2 (not that any of you care) found especially inRead MoreThe Problem Of Energy Drinks Essay1300 Words   |  6 Pagesawake. Energy drinks have many untested contents within the drink that aren’t tested or regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, deeming it unsafe for consumption. The FDA needs to test the effects of the combined contents of an energy drink and draft regulations so that the public can make more informed decisions about its consumption. Energy drinks have undeniably meshed into the subculture of any US college campus. College students who consume copious amounts of energy drinks claim thatRead MoreEffects Of Caffeine On The Consumption Of Caffeine1511 Words   |  7 PagesCaffeine, a popularly consumed central nervous system stimulant is consumed on a day to day basis around the globe.  Caffeine can be ingested into the body by either eating it or drinking it. Caffeine comes in forms of many processed foods such as coffee, chocolate bars, candy, sodas, and energy drinks as well as tea. For example millions of people all around the world consume coffee on a daily basis.  Due to the large consumption of caffeine, both the negative and positive side effects of consumingRead MoreResearch and Analysis of Americas Caffeine Consumption986 Words   |  4 PagesCaffeine has become a staple in many developed nations. As a stimulant, caffeine provides a viable solution to many individuals maintaining a busy lifestyle. P articularly in the developed world, individuals tend to work long hours, which creates vast amounts of stress. To help alleviate much of the fatigue that accompanies a busy lifestyle, many individuals elect to drink caffeinated beverages. These beverages range from typical colas to coffee, to energy drinks. Each has its own concentration of

Supply Chain Management - JCPenney - 5096 Words

Supply Chain Management of J C Penney in perspective of APL Logistics Ltd. 1.0. Introduction Internship report is a mandatory requirement of the Bachelor of Business Administration degree of BRAC University. This report has been designed to portray my on the job internship with APL Logistics from the period of January to April, 2007. Being a Customer Service Representative of APL Logistics Limited, I had the opportunity to get attached with the supply chain or logistics management department. During my attachment with the logistics department, I accumulated as much knowledge as possible about the working procedure of this operation department of the company. In the internship report I will try to depict the whole procedure of a†¦show more content†¦Trident started as an agent for APL which is now known as American President Line. Now APL has a direct office which is operated by South Asia President. 3 4.0. Services In today s global marketplace, Manufacturer needs a logistics partner who can connect far-flung suppliers, vendors and customers. One who spans continents, currencies and customs. APL Logistics is that partner. The objective of this part is to define the service offering of APL Logistics and illustrate with examples how those apply to our operations and are made in the case of supply chain offerings. 1) Transportation Management Services (TMS):  §Ã¯â€š §  §Ã¯â€š §  §Ã¯â€š § Definition: Movement of domestic freight (defined as within the continent – Asia\Middle East, Americas, Europe). In other words the land transportation originates and terminates within the continent. Intermodal, truck or rail. Examples: include truck brokerage, inter-modal management services (IMS/AUTO), and freight management operations. These are the APLL US/Mexico operations. Exceptions: 1) Dedicated contract carriage or distribution services that are integrated with a WMS facility, 2) When the movement is the origination or termination of an international movement under the control of APLL, which can be covered by either a) Ocean B/L, b) Air B/L or c) international FF/broker movement. Cross Dock Facility/Factory/Dist CntrShow MoreRelatedNike Erp Supply Demand Study1217 Words   |  5 PagesP. Smith CIS601 Fall 2014 14 September 2014 Implementation Paper - Nike ERP Supply-Demand Study Summary In 2001 Nike Inc., the world’s top athletic shoemaker, implemented new ERP software intended to assist the company with their new supply chain strategy that was intended to resolve supply-demand issue the company was dealing with. The software selected was produced i2 Technologies, a Texas based major supply-chain software vendor at cost of over US $40 million dollars (400 million for largerRead MoreOrder Fulfillment: The Hidden Key to eCommerce Success5798 Words   |  24 PagesorderFred R. Ricker is director of health-care supfulfillment system. ply chain strategy for Manhattan Associates Amazon.com enviInc. Ravi Kalakota is the director of the sions a â€Å"killer† supCenter for Digital Commerce and GCATT ply chain that can chair professor of electronic commerce at deliver virtually any Georgia State University. He is also the product—not just founder and CEO of e-Business Strategies. 60 Supply Chain Management Review I books— directly to customers better than its competitorsRead MoreJ. Penney Corporation Inc.970 Words   |  4 PagesCompany Overview: J. C. Penney Corporation, Inc, also known as JCPenney, is a chain of American department stores specializing in selling affordable clothing, shoes, accessories, and home decor for the entire family. For more than a century, JCPenney has been a regular shopping destination and a dependable retailer for the American family. In 1902, the department store was founded by James Cash Penney and was established on the principle of the Golden Rule. Over the years, the company has developedRead MoreManagement Style At Jc Penney1251 Words   |  6 PagesManagement Style at JC Penney Introduction In the retail industry, it is hard for a business to abandon all its previous strategies, such as locations and advertising strategies to make a fresh start. However, that is precisely what JCPenney and has been able to accomplish numerous times. Founded over a hundred years ago, the firm has undergone mass renovations with each change in leadership. Moreover, recently, JCPenney, has been reinvented once more, under the leadership of President Michael FrancisRead MoreEight, Winning Together Principles2136 Words   |  9 Pagesrespect. 6. Quality- We strive for excellence in our work, products, and services. 7. Innovation- We encourage creative thinking and intelligent risk taking. 8. Community- We care about and are involved in our communities.â€Æ' Existing Vision Statement JCPenney is executing a strategic Long Range Plan that consists of four integrated strategies aimed at building a deeper, more enduring relationship with our customers, increasing the engagement and retention of our Associates, and delivering industry leadingRead MoreIntroduction to the World of Retailing4882 Words   |  20 PagesType: Comprehension 6. (p. 7) A(n) ______________ is a set of firms that make and deliver a given set of goods and services to the ultimate consumer. A. supply chain B. buying network C. trade association D. integrated wholesale network Difficulty: Easy Type: Definition 7. (p. 7) A retailer s role in a supply chain is to: A. act as the liaison between manufacturers and wholesalers B. buy merchandise exclusively from the manufacturers C. negotiate with manufacturers to eliminateRead MoreJcpenney Retail Strategy6220 Words   |  25 Pagesonce small business manager grew a company we now know as JCPenney, which has flourished into a nationwide retail department store with over 1100 store locations throughout the United States. Throughout the years JCPenney has changed an adapted to the retail market. It wasn’t till the suburban boom of the 1950’s or the post WW2 era that JCPenney became relevant as the department store we know it as today. It was at this time that JCPenney began to run national advertisements and adopted its discountedRead MoreChapter 14 Summary1316 Words   |  6 Pagesother important decisions. ââ€"   Decline of middle market retailers. Growth seems to be centered at the top (with luxury offerings) or at the bottom (with discount pricing). Opportunities are scarcer in the middle where retailers such as Sears and JCPenney have struggled. Since 2000, fewer consumers have shopped in supermarkets, department stores, and drugstores every week as newer, more relevant places have come to serve their needs. ââ€"   Growing investment in technology. Computers help retailersRead MoreThe Leisure Products (LP) Company manufactures lawn and patio furniture843 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Case Study The Leisure Products (LP) Company manufactures lawn and patio furniture. Most of its output is sold to do- it- yourself warehouse stores (e. g., Lowes Home Improvement) and to retail hardware and department store chains (e. g., True Value and JCPenney), who then distribute the products under their respective brand names. LP is not involved in direct retail sales. Last year the firm had sales of $ 35 million. One of LPs divisions manufactures folding (aluminum and vinyl) chairs. SalesRead MoreBA 3103 Critical Analysis Paper Pier 11351 Words   |  6 PagesRivalry-High Specialty Pier 1; Pottery Barn; IKEA; Crate Barrel; HomeGoods; West Elm; Williams-Sonoma; Usona; Linens N’Things; Bed, Bath Beyond Discount Walmart; Target; Kmart Industry Rivalry-(cont’d) Department Stores Bloomingdale’s; Sears; JCPenney; Macy’s; Belk; Nordstrom; Lord Taylor Online Only Amazon; Overstock; Wayfair; JossMain; EBay; Etsy; Craigslist Buyer Power - High Price comparison No Switching Costs Loyalty can change at any given time Complements None The Porter’s Six Forces

Dells Marketing Case, Dillema Free Essays

How would you describe Dell’s current distinctive competencies? What other potential sources of distinctive competency might Dell work to develop? Answer: According to the case, Dell’s Current distinctive competencies are: ; â€Å"Mass customization†; by focusing on this strategy (which they followed as their core differentiation strategy), Dell has successfully been able to transform the way consumers shop for technology. Customer could place customized orders for their PC’s according to their unique needs and wants. Which at that time seemed to be a very attractive, innovative and hence successful strategy. We will write a custom essay sample on Dells Marketing Case, Dillema or any similar topic only for you Order Now However while concentrating too much on its distinctive strategy of mass customization for too long, Dell gravely failed to adapt to the changing world of technology which opportunity was promptly grabbed by its current and emerging competitors like HP, Sony, Leaner, Apple and others. They quickly managed to reap the benefits of the fast growing market for technological products like PC’s and notebooks. Direct Sales Channel- Dell has proved to be extremely successful at coming up with a very efficient and smart supply chain, by making Its customers able to place orders for their PC’s online, wrought e commerce. Dell used direct sales via Internet, whereas traditional PC manufacturers previously assembled PC’s to make them ready for purchase at retail stores. Thus, Dell enjoyed early-to-market advantage. This eliminated the need for retailers that would add unnecessary time and cost for Dell and Dell has enjoyed this competency for a pro-longed period of time. De ll’s cost efficiency: Dell was able to provide PC’s at a low cost for quite a period of time, until paying a low price for a standard PC was no more attracting the potential customers who were rather lured y the more technologically advanced products offered by Dell’s competitors like Hewlett-Packard. However continuing with its cost cutting strategy cost them their customers in later years when HP emerged as the market leader and attracted all the consumers and business clients to themselves. Moreover, Dell’s extremely efficient supply chain management aided In keeping Its costs low and hence being cost effective. Dell’s strong market position due to its strong brand value as one of the top 100 brands In the world (In the IT systems market), provided It with a competitive advantage. Dell has a strong market presence in IT systems market. Despite losing market share to other players in the recent past, Dell continues to remain a strong player in the IT systems market. In the fast growing market for technological products Dell should have obviously gone for innovating their product lines. Dell should go for product development. It might work to launch faster and more attractive versions of PC’s and laptops. Most Importantly Its marketing strategy should be changed, In order to reap benefits from Its distinctive competencies. Being Innovative could have obviously paid off as a good extinctive competency, because then competitors like HP and Apple would get as much opportunity to grab the market share. Moreover, Dell could go for making ‘OFF silent changes In Its organizational culture Day encouraging Its employees to De more creative and to think out of the box so as to get rid of the monotonous feeling in them which would also enhance the productivity and would obviously spread a good word of mouth regarding Dell as a â€Å"ready to innovate and serve company’, which would work as another great distinctive competency. Question 2) Dell is currently engaged in a cost leadership strategy. If Dell decided to move more toward a differentiation strategy, what might be some sources of differentiation Dell could explore? Answer 2: Emphasizing on the cost leadership strategy for too long has caused Dell to lose it market share and not to mention has lead it to earning lower profits. That’s because the same strategy would not work forever. Dell has not explored in serving their customers with variety in their offerings for PC’s and notebooks, neither did it do much to upgrade its features and technology. Dell has not re-invested any of its profits into going for a different racketing strategy other than cost leadership. A differentiation strategy incorporates the development of a product or service so that it can offer a customer perceived uniqueness in the marketplace that seems to be better than or different from the products of the competition. Dell has to focus more on providing additional value for their customers if they want to differentiate their brand form the others in the market, to do so, they have to address their customers not yet raised demand for new technology say for example, delight their customers by offering new software and applications for their PC’s. Dell can also go for sales promotion; that is they can provide short term offers where they would be providing free upgrades for software in their current customers’ PC’s and offer discounts on certain software Just so as to attract their customers’ lost interest. Launching and promoting different complimentary products made by Dell can be a good idea to enhance the sales of Dell PC’s. For instance if Dell came up with a product line for gaming computers, to attract a certain segment of its potential clients, and along with that if it issued games made by Dell one of which would be provided for free with the gaming PC’s, it loud be a great way of differentiating their brand as â€Å"innovative† in the mind of customer, especially since no other competitor at that time came up with gaming PC’S. Question 3: According to Nations Product-Market expansion grid which strategy is applicable for Dell computer’s offerings? Explain the strategy in your own words in the context of the case. Answer 3: Nations model is based upon four types of strategies which are; market penetration strategy, market development strategy, product development strategy and diversification strategy. The diagram below illustrates the Nations Product-Market expansion grid. In my opinion, Dell should primarily go for product development strategy and then market development strategy. By going for product development strategy, Dell would be issuing new, developed and modified versions of its products. By doing so, Dell can show it to the industry that they are all ready to launch innovative products and solutions for their clients both Business and consumer. Moreover given the strong and well established brand name Dell has, it would not be a problem to beat its competitors Like HP, IT Dell can offer new Ana developed products to Its customers. For example by considering software as an product/service to offer, Dell can assemble a services portfolio that would include e-mail disaster recovery, spam/virus filtering and archiving via its Message acquisition. Moreover Dell can come up new models of its PC, and notebook, more lighter ones, faster ones, PC’s specially made for gaming, and PC’s which are specially made lighter and smaller for office going executives and students. Just like Google developed a new browser Chrome for the existing Internet user. Going for a market penetration strategy would be bad session for Dell since it has proved to be a failure Just because it refused to be innovative about its products and was only focusing on a single strategy of â€Å"mass customization†. However, Dell can also go for a market development strategy if that is feasible giving the transportation and set up costs associated with setting up business and dealerships in developing countries like Pakistan and Bangladesh, or it can focus on a different demography, like the elderly people; by creating easy to use and simple light laptops for them, which they can also afford with a little portion of their savings. How to cite Dells Marketing Case, Dillema, Essays

Office Management free essay sample

According to Npower (Business Case Studies) Often these decisions are administrative in nature and can be implemented quickly and tend to carry a little risk and are smaller scale, but are never the less important choices that people have to make to fulfil their role. Strategic Decision Implementing that laptops are to be used by partners while out of the office would be a strategic decision. There are lots of problems with the partners being out of the office and with the use of laptops as communication tools this will provide a direct link between the office staff and the partners. I believe that this is a strategic decision as with the right planning and overseeing the development this could really be a step forward for Classic Interiors because work can be exchanged between partners and the office and messages can be passed on effectively meaning that there won’t be a build-up of work or office staff with no work and communication between everyone will be made a lot easier. We will write a custom essay sample on Office Management or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Operational Decision Stipulating a lunch time for each staff member would be an organisational decision. The current system for lunch time is not convenient as the employees get to decide when they go as long as one of them is in the office. I believe this is an operational decision because if affects the day to day running of the organisation. If the administrators were set a lunch hour each they would have to stick to it and get used to working alongside the time set. Role of Office Manager Operational Planning Process As the office manager my role in establishing a new routine for lunch hour would be to organise a meeting to communicate the proposed changes with administrators and gain their views. Then I would create a plan to put forward to the administrators and partners. When a decision has been reached and the new plan is put into action I would have to oversee the progress of the plan gathering feedback at every opportunity. Issues There is increased frustration between partners and administrators due to the partners carrying out task they believe the administrators could be doing which would free up more time for the partners. The solution to this would be to for all administrators to be trained how to use the specialist interior design software, this would enable them to alleviate the work load from the partners and feel more involved in the design side of their work. This would likely be time consuming to train the administrators but the overall outcome would be beneficial to the company. The relationship between partners and the administrators is suffering due to the partners being out of the office as communication is often via short telephone messages and emails which has led to information being mis-communicated. The solution would be to introduce the use of PDA’s (Personal digital Assistants) for partners to be able to communicate with administrators. This would enable the administrators to contact the partners if a problem arises while carrying out work so that no mistakes are made and also they would be able to check their diaries to make appointments without the chance of double booking. Instant messaging could also help with communication as they are received instantly and can be replied to in seconds. Financial Planning and Budgetary Control Financial Planning According to Jim Priebe (ehow) A financial plan is like a blue print. It is a description of what you want to achieve and the tools you need to achieve it. Financial planning is the process of asking questions to ensure that you manage your risk against unexpected events. Managers need to be able to exercise control over the organisation that they manage to make sure that financial plans are being achieved both for the long term and the short term. Benefits of financial planning are: 1 Reducing the risk of a financial crisis. 2 Allows you to understand how each financial decision made affects other areas of finance. Barriers of financial planning are: 1 It can be time consuming 2 Can be costly as will involve accountants. Budgetary Control Budgetary control is precise control of an organisations operations through establishment of standards and targets concerning income and expenditure. Continuous monitoring is required to be effective. Benefits of budgetary control are: 1 Coordinates activities across departments. 2 Provides a record of organisational activities. Barriers of budgetary control are: 1 Budgets can demotivate staff. 2 May cause competition for resources. Effective Delegation Delegation is the distribution of tasks by the office manager. Giving responsibilities to employees to carry out the work but the work will remain liable to the office manager. When delegation is carried out properly very good results and high productivity can be achieved. The Process of Delegation Delegation can be very difficult. The process of delegation is: 1 Define the task 2 Select the Individual 3 Explain what must be achieved (clear instructions) 4 Discuss requirement to completion 5 Agree a deadline 6 Be there for support 7 Always give feedback Benefits Time management would be a benefit of delegation as this would allow partners to delegate work so that they have a more manageable work load. Delegating tasks will motivate staff and increase productivity. Barriers Forcing someone to do a task that they don’t want to or are not capable of would be a barrier, this can be seen in the case study when Izzy asked one of the administrators to just follow what had been done before. This lead to the administrator getting upset and Izzy feeling unable to approach anyone else. This could have been avoided by management setting out a procedure for staff to follow and allocating the task to someone suitable. Confusion about who is ultimately responsible for tasks is a barrier to effective delegation, this can be seen in the case study as partners are frustrated because they believe that administration is responsible for some of their tasks. This can be corrected by training administrators to make the delegation process easier. Leadership Models I think Tomi uses democratic leadership. As Tomi involves the staff in the decision making process of meeting times and encouraged staff to offer their opinions which made the administrators feel like what they said mattered. I believe Izzi uses Autocratic Leadership. When Izzi was in charge she would decide the times of meetings even when it was inconvenient to the others meaning work started to suffer which she then thought they could not manage and devised a new procedure which is hopeless but Izzi cannot see this. Staff find it difficult to communicate with her. Autocratic Leadership works where there is no need for input on the decisions and Democratic leadership works when a leader seeks help and guidance from staff to make decisions. Democratic leadership The impact of this leadership style is that it gives staff a voice and they are able to communicate better with management. Democratic leadership style encourages better cooperation and motivates staff because they feel well informed in everything that affects their work. Autocratic Leadership The impact of this leadership style is that it fails to motivate staff and they feel forced to do things managements way although It is not always the best way and staff become stressed being pushed. Autocratic leadership style encourages no communication between staff and management as management make all the decisions based on what they feel is best for the organisation. References Hamel, G. (2008) ‘What is strategic Decision Making’ http://smallbusiness. chron. com/strategic-decision-making-23782. html Npower. ‘Developing people through decision making’ http://businesscasestudies. co. uk/npower/developing-people-through-decision-making/tactical-decisions. html Priebe, J. ‘What is the purpose of Financial Planning’ http://www. ehow. com/info_7755005_purpose-financial-plan. html