Electrochemical cell lab Aim Essay Example for Free

Electrochemical cell lab Aim Essay Point :- To discover the plausibility of a redox response by taking a gander at the cell capability of the response . Quantitative perception The table beneath shows the estimations of cell potential that were recorded when the examination was performed Response Cell potential (ÂÂ ±0.01V) CuSO4 and ZnSO4 0.99V CuSO4 and AgNO3 0.64V Ag 1.39V Subjective Observation Response Obsevrations CuSO4 and ZnSO4 Copper sulfate abandons clear to blue , though zinc sulfate stays dry CuSO4 and AgNO3 Copper sulfate is blue in shading , silver nitrate is drab Ag Information handling Trial 1 Zn(s) - Zn2+ (aq) + 2e-(aq) Cu2+ (aq) + 2e-(aq) - Cu (s) Cu2+ (aq) + Zn(s) - Cu(s) + Zn2+ (aq) Trial 2 Cu(s) - Cu2+ (aq)+ 2e-(aq) Ag+(aq) + e-(aq) - Ag(s) Cu(s) + 2Ag+ (aq) - Cu2+ (Aq) + 2Ag (s) Trial 3 Zn(s) - Zn2+ (aq) + 2e-(aq) Ag+ (aq) + e-(aq)- Ag(s) Zn(s) + 2Ag+ (aq) - Zn2+ (aq) + 2Ag (s) The table underneath shows the writing esteems for the particular cell potential Response Cell potential (ÂÂ ±0.01V) CuSO4 and ZnSO4 0.34V CuSO4 and AgNO3 0.46 V. Ag 1.10 V Mistake rate = (|difference between the writing and test value|)/(the writing esteem )x100 = (|0.34V 0.99V|)/(0.34V) x100 = 191.17% We can correspondingly discover the mistake rates for other cell possibilities moreover The table underneath shows the particular mistake rates of every one of the cell potential Response Mistake rate CuSO4 and ZnSO4 191.17% CuSO4 and AgNO3 39.13% Ag 16.36% Hypothesis Electrochemical cells In an electrochemical cell, power is delivered through substance responses. There comprise two cathodes: the negative terminal and the positive anode. At the negative cathode

Formative, Summative and Confirmative Evaluation Assignment

Developmental, Summative and Confirmative Evaluation - Assignment Example While summative assessment centers around the result or the viability of the program. It is utilized to quantify viability of a presentation intercession or assesses if the mediations during the procedure have come about into a powerful result (Van Tiem et al., 2000, p. 157). Summative assessment as the name recommends sums up the outcome after the entire procedure was made by surveying whether the item can be said to have caused the result; deciding the general effect of the causal factor past just the quick objective results; and, evaluating the relative expenses related with the article (Trochim, 2006). In actuality, confirmative assessment, dissimilar to the initial two spotlights on deciding the sufficiency of capability of the students. Confirmative Evaluation is applied to dissect long haul execution by gathering, inspecting and deciphering information and data so as to decide the proceeding with fitness of students or the proceeding with adequacy of instructional materials (Van Tiem et al., 2000, p.157-158). Look into The advantages of utilizing the developmental assessment incorporate empowering the educators to survey the understudies with what they have to do and altering so as to have a superior exercises and exercises. It likewise permits them to know whether their program is working, and they permit understudies to know their own advancement. Understudies are progressively persuaded in light of the fact that they figure out how to evaluate themselves (Boston, 2002). Summative evaluation’s benefits are the educators can figure out where the student’s feeble region is and they can give a superior arrangement. It likewise gauges the achievement of their preparation program and it makes the understudies gain certainty realizing that their advancement is acceptable (Boston, 2002). Confirmative evaluation’s advantage is that it investigates long haul execution and it can quantify whether the students are able and whether the materials utilized are compelling. Developmental and summative assessment gives a quick arrangement while confirmative gives an answer after a timeframe. Instructors are confronted with the test of building up their own evaluations and it’s frequently a test particularly for new educators to comprehend the contrasts between the kinds of

Disagree Essay Better Life than Our Parents

Sample TOEFL Agree/Disagree Essay Better Life than Our Parents The QuestionDo you agree or disagree with the following statement? In my country, young people have a better life today than their parents enjoyed when they were young. Use reasons and examples to support your answer.Note: This essay uses our TOEFL essay templates.Special Offer: TOEFL Essay Evaluation and ScoringYou can now sign up to have your practice essays evaluated and scored by the author of this web page. Its a great way to learn how you will do before test day and how you can best prepare for the test. Sign up today.The Sample EssayThe world has changed in many since my parents were young. In my opinion, my lifestyle is superior to the one they enjoyed at that time. I feel this way for two reasons, which I will explore in the following essay. First of all, my generation enjoys a lot more leisure time, which makes our lives more fulfilling and enables us to follow our passions. People today take longer vacations and have more paid time off from their jobs than either of my par ents did while they were still employed. Similarly, we have much shorter working days than they did. For example, nowadays I receive five weeks off from my job each year. I can schedule these holidays as I wish, and even use all of my vacation days at the same time. As a result, I have been able pursue my love of travel. Unlike earlier generations, I have been able to maintain steady professional employment for my whole life so far, and have also been able to visit every continent on earth. My parents, in contrast, were only able to travel following their retirement. At that time, however, their age and physical conditions limited their range of experiences.Secondly, society provides many more opportunities for women and minorities these days. In the past, disadvantaged groups had a tough time achieving personal and professional success. While this is still something of a concern, it is now much easier for members of such groups to follow their dreams. My own experience, is a compel ling example of this. When I was a young woman I was encouraged to attend university and later enter the workforce. On the other hand, my mother was expected to raise children and be a homemaker. She dreamed of being a business executive and making a lot of money, but her parents and teachers discouraged her from doing that. Unlike me, she was pressured to give up all of her professional aspirations. Her example demonstrates why my life is preferable to the life which she lived when she was young. In conclusion, I strongly believe that I have an easier and better life than my parents had just a few decades ago. This is because I enjoy much more leisure time than they did, and because women today have many more opportunities than they did in the past. (392 words)

American Caffeine Consumption Essay - 2026 Words

Overview Many people consume caffeine, some consume multiple servings and various forms of caffeine throughout their day, and it is estimated that more than 85% of Americans consume some form of caffeine every day. Caffeine consumption ranges from being the first thing people drink in the morning, to a late afternoon or evening pick me up; this is mainly due to the fact that caffeine is a stimulant which effects cortisone and adrenaline production both of which the body produces as a reaction to stress. Caffeine is a psychoactive drug and is the most frequently consumed stimulant worldwide. Stimulants are chemicals that heighten the bodies’ nervous and physiological activities such as blood pressure, awareness, heart rate, energy, and†¦show more content†¦2.) Whether or not women feel consuming caffeine lessen the stress they experience during the day, this is important because the response provides the basis for the proposals hypothesis and null hypothesis. 3.) W hether or not women consumed caffeine as a means to alleviate stress, this is important because it will establish the women consuming caffeine for taste and pleasure from those consuming caffeine to cope with stress. 4.) What percentage of women ages 21 to 65 consume caffeine during their day, this is important, as it will provide statistical data for the research. 5.) If women consumed caffeine when they were not feeling stressed, this is important because it provides information that could be utilized to accept or reject the hypothesis. 6.) If women felt consuming caffeine increased their stress, this is important because caffeine affects individuals differently and the answer could be use to accept or reject the hypothesis. The proposal’s focal relationship examines caffeine intake and stress among women ages 21 to 65 years old. Thus, the relational research question chosen for the proposal is as follows: what is the relationship between caffeine intake and stress amon g women ages 21 to 65 years old? This question was chosen because it allows a broadened explanation to emerge and allows greater insight regarding the underlying issue, how we cope with stress to be gained. The hypothesis is that caffeine consumption decreases stress in womenShow MoreRelatedEffect of Caffeine Consumption on Academic Performance in College Undergraduates1728 Words   |  7 Pagesof Caffeine Consumption on Academic Performance in College Undergraduates Morgan Bolen, Maria Naula-Quintero, and Carlin Wright Michigan State University Abstract In this study we are interested in assessing the relationship between average amount of caffeine consumed per day and academic performance. We hypothesized that an increase in average caffeine consumed per day would result in increased academic success. A short survey was composed based on average amount of caffeine consumedRead MoreEffects Of Caffeine On Our Health959 Words   |  4 PagesLately Americans have had a need for speed, an average of about 44% of people in the workforce claim they can’t commute or have a conversation without coffee in the morning (Kilcarr). The need for caffeine by most Americans has come to an all time high with people trying to do more than ever before. However, there are now multiple ways for people to get their much needed caffeine fix. Whether that be through energy drinks or a new form of powdered caffeine, people still have a need for it. The FDARead MoreEssay about The Effects of Caffeine870 Words   |  4 PagesEffects of Caffeine Works Cited Not Included Caffeine has played a central role in many cultures. Coffee was first discovered over 1000 years ago, and approximately 75% of Americans drink coffee on a regular basis. Despite the thousand years that have passed, there is still controversy surrounding the biological effects of coffee and its primary active ingredient, caffeine. CaffeineRead MoreThe Age Old Debate of Caffeine Consumption1319 Words   |  5 Pagesthat children and parents have quarreled over for what seems like centuries is does caffeine have an significant affect on a child? Although most parents wouldnt dream of giving their kids a cup of coffee, but might buy soft drinks for their children routinely. Foods and drinks with caffeine are everywhere, but what you are going to learn is the actual effect that caffeine has on a child and if minimum consumption is rightfully enforced by parents. It is time for the ancient fight between you parentsRead MoreEffects Of Caffeine On The Brain1507 Words   |  7 PagesCaffeine is a brain booster meaning it is a stimulant. Caffeine stimulates different parts of the brain producing a wide variety of outcomes. It can enhance your mood during day to day activities which could be beneficial for those suffering from depression. Depression is a major mental disorder in the United States and caffeine has been shown to reverse this mood state. Memory is a major part of the human brain and brings about different feelings to a person. They can be improved with caffeine asRead MoreInformative Essay On Caffeine900 Words   |  4 PagesCaffeine. From your morning cup of coffee to the pain relievers for your headache, nearly 90% of Americans consume it daily, making it America’s most popular drug. Caffeine is the most widely used stimulant around the world and present in many different products including coffee, tea, energy drinks, chocolates, and over-the-counter medications. Caffeine is a stimulant to the central nervous system that can cause physical dependence, but doesn’t threaten the health of the consumer the way addictiveRead MoreInformative Caffeine Speech Essay646 Words   |  3 Pagessoda daily? Well we aren’t alone; according to Villanova Health Service about 90 percent of Americans consume caffeine i n one way or another every single day. Transition: So what is caffeine you generally think of it in, Coffee, tea, soda, and chocolate, and its part of almost all college students daily diet. I. Caffeine A. What is caffeine 1. According to the Merriam-Webster dictionary caffeine is defined as a bitter alkaloid C8H10N4O2 (not that any of you care) found especially inRead MoreThe Problem Of Energy Drinks Essay1300 Words   |  6 Pagesawake. Energy drinks have many untested contents within the drink that aren’t tested or regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, deeming it unsafe for consumption. The FDA needs to test the effects of the combined contents of an energy drink and draft regulations so that the public can make more informed decisions about its consumption. Energy drinks have undeniably meshed into the subculture of any US college campus. College students who consume copious amounts of energy drinks claim thatRead MoreEffects Of Caffeine On The Consumption Of Caffeine1511 Words   |  7 PagesCaffeine, a popularly consumed central nervous system stimulant is consumed on a day to day basis around the globe.  Caffeine can be ingested into the body by either eating it or drinking it. Caffeine comes in forms of many processed foods such as coffee, chocolate bars, candy, sodas, and energy drinks as well as tea. For example millions of people all around the world consume coffee on a daily basis.  Due to the large consumption of caffeine, both the negative and positive side effects of consumingRead MoreResearch and Analysis of Americas Caffeine Consumption986 Words   |  4 PagesCaffeine has become a staple in many developed nations. As a stimulant, caffeine provides a viable solution to many individuals maintaining a busy lifestyle. P articularly in the developed world, individuals tend to work long hours, which creates vast amounts of stress. To help alleviate much of the fatigue that accompanies a busy lifestyle, many individuals elect to drink caffeinated beverages. These beverages range from typical colas to coffee, to energy drinks. Each has its own concentration of

Supply Chain Management - JCPenney - 5096 Words

Supply Chain Management of J C Penney in perspective of APL Logistics Ltd. 1.0. Introduction Internship report is a mandatory requirement of the Bachelor of Business Administration degree of BRAC University. This report has been designed to portray my on the job internship with APL Logistics from the period of January to April, 2007. Being a Customer Service Representative of APL Logistics Limited, I had the opportunity to get attached with the supply chain or logistics management department. During my attachment with the logistics department, I accumulated as much knowledge as possible about the working procedure of this operation department of the company. In the internship report I will try to depict the whole procedure of a†¦show more content†¦Trident started as an agent for APL which is now known as American President Line. Now APL has a direct office which is operated by South Asia President. 3 4.0. Services In today s global marketplace, Manufacturer needs a logistics partner who can connect far-flung suppliers, vendors and customers. One who spans continents, currencies and customs. APL Logistics is that partner. The objective of this part is to define the service offering of APL Logistics and illustrate with examples how those apply to our operations and are made in the case of supply chain offerings. 1) Transportation Management Services (TMS):  §Ã¯â€š §  §Ã¯â€š §  §Ã¯â€š § Definition: Movement of domestic freight (defined as within the continent – Asia\Middle East, Americas, Europe). In other words the land transportation originates and terminates within the continent. Intermodal, truck or rail. Examples: include truck brokerage, inter-modal management services (IMS/AUTO), and freight management operations. These are the APLL US/Mexico operations. Exceptions: 1) Dedicated contract carriage or distribution services that are integrated with a WMS facility, 2) When the movement is the origination or termination of an international movement under the control of APLL, which can be covered by either a) Ocean B/L, b) Air B/L or c) international FF/broker movement. Cross Dock Facility/Factory/Dist CntrShow MoreRelatedNike Erp Supply Demand Study1217 Words   |  5 PagesP. Smith CIS601 Fall 2014 14 September 2014 Implementation Paper - Nike ERP Supply-Demand Study Summary In 2001 Nike Inc., the world’s top athletic shoemaker, implemented new ERP software intended to assist the company with their new supply chain strategy that was intended to resolve supply-demand issue the company was dealing with. The software selected was produced i2 Technologies, a Texas based major supply-chain software vendor at cost of over US $40 million dollars (400 million for largerRead MoreOrder Fulfillment: The Hidden Key to eCommerce Success5798 Words   |  24 PagesorderFred R. Ricker is director of health-care supfulfillment system. ply chain strategy for Manhattan Associates Amazon.com enviInc. Ravi Kalakota is the director of the sions a â€Å"killer† supCenter for Digital Commerce and GCATT ply chain that can chair professor of electronic commerce at deliver virtually any Georgia State University. He is also the product—not just founder and CEO of e-Business Strategies. 60 Supply Chain Management Review I books— directly to customers better than its competitorsRead MoreJ. Penney Corporation Inc.970 Words   |  4 PagesCompany Overview: J. C. Penney Corporation, Inc, also known as JCPenney, is a chain of American department stores specializing in selling affordable clothing, shoes, accessories, and home decor for the entire family. For more than a century, JCPenney has been a regular shopping destination and a dependable retailer for the American family. In 1902, the department store was founded by James Cash Penney and was established on the principle of the Golden Rule. Over the years, the company has developedRead MoreManagement Style At Jc Penney1251 Words   |  6 PagesManagement Style at JC Penney Introduction In the retail industry, it is hard for a business to abandon all its previous strategies, such as locations and advertising strategies to make a fresh start. However, that is precisely what JCPenney and has been able to accomplish numerous times. Founded over a hundred years ago, the firm has undergone mass renovations with each change in leadership. Moreover, recently, JCPenney, has been reinvented once more, under the leadership of President Michael FrancisRead MoreEight, Winning Together Principles2136 Words   |  9 Pagesrespect. 6. Quality- We strive for excellence in our work, products, and services. 7. Innovation- We encourage creative thinking and intelligent risk taking. 8. Community- We care about and are involved in our communities.â€Æ' Existing Vision Statement JCPenney is executing a strategic Long Range Plan that consists of four integrated strategies aimed at building a deeper, more enduring relationship with our customers, increasing the engagement and retention of our Associates, and delivering industry leadingRead MoreIntroduction to the World of Retailing4882 Words   |  20 PagesType: Comprehension 6. (p. 7) A(n) ______________ is a set of firms that make and deliver a given set of goods and services to the ultimate consumer. A. supply chain B. buying network C. trade association D. integrated wholesale network Difficulty: Easy Type: Definition 7. (p. 7) A retailer s role in a supply chain is to: A. act as the liaison between manufacturers and wholesalers B. buy merchandise exclusively from the manufacturers C. negotiate with manufacturers to eliminateRead MoreJcpenney Retail Strategy6220 Words   |  25 Pagesonce small business manager grew a company we now know as JCPenney, which has flourished into a nationwide retail department store with over 1100 store locations throughout the United States. Throughout the years JCPenney has changed an adapted to the retail market. It wasn’t till the suburban boom of the 1950’s or the post WW2 era that JCPenney became relevant as the department store we know it as today. It was at this time that JCPenney began to run national advertisements and adopted its discountedRead MoreChapter 14 Summary1316 Words   |  6 Pagesother important decisions. ââ€"   Decline of middle market retailers. Growth seems to be centered at the top (with luxury offerings) or at the bottom (with discount pricing). Opportunities are scarcer in the middle where retailers such as Sears and JCPenney have struggled. Since 2000, fewer consumers have shopped in supermarkets, department stores, and drugstores every week as newer, more relevant places have come to serve their needs. ââ€"   Growing investment in technology. Computers help retailersRead MoreThe Leisure Products (LP) Company manufactures lawn and patio furniture843 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Case Study The Leisure Products (LP) Company manufactures lawn and patio furniture. 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Dells Marketing Case, Dillema Free Essays

How would you describe Dell’s current distinctive competencies? What other potential sources of distinctive competency might Dell work to develop? Answer: According to the case, Dell’s Current distinctive competencies are: ; â€Å"Mass customization†; by focusing on this strategy (which they followed as their core differentiation strategy), Dell has successfully been able to transform the way consumers shop for technology. Customer could place customized orders for their PC’s according to their unique needs and wants. Which at that time seemed to be a very attractive, innovative and hence successful strategy. We will write a custom essay sample on Dells Marketing Case, Dillema or any similar topic only for you Order Now However while concentrating too much on its distinctive strategy of mass customization for too long, Dell gravely failed to adapt to the changing world of technology which opportunity was promptly grabbed by its current and emerging competitors like HP, Sony, Leaner, Apple and others. They quickly managed to reap the benefits of the fast growing market for technological products like PC’s and notebooks. Direct Sales Channel- Dell has proved to be extremely successful at coming up with a very efficient and smart supply chain, by making Its customers able to place orders for their PC’s online, wrought e commerce. Dell used direct sales via Internet, whereas traditional PC manufacturers previously assembled PC’s to make them ready for purchase at retail stores. Thus, Dell enjoyed early-to-market advantage. This eliminated the need for retailers that would add unnecessary time and cost for Dell and Dell has enjoyed this competency for a pro-longed period of time. De ll’s cost efficiency: Dell was able to provide PC’s at a low cost for quite a period of time, until paying a low price for a standard PC was no more attracting the potential customers who were rather lured y the more technologically advanced products offered by Dell’s competitors like Hewlett-Packard. However continuing with its cost cutting strategy cost them their customers in later years when HP emerged as the market leader and attracted all the consumers and business clients to themselves. Moreover, Dell’s extremely efficient supply chain management aided In keeping Its costs low and hence being cost effective. Dell’s strong market position due to its strong brand value as one of the top 100 brands In the world (In the IT systems market), provided It with a competitive advantage. Dell has a strong market presence in IT systems market. Despite losing market share to other players in the recent past, Dell continues to remain a strong player in the IT systems market. In the fast growing market for technological products Dell should have obviously gone for innovating their product lines. Dell should go for product development. It might work to launch faster and more attractive versions of PC’s and laptops. Most Importantly Its marketing strategy should be changed, In order to reap benefits from Its distinctive competencies. Being Innovative could have obviously paid off as a good extinctive competency, because then competitors like HP and Apple would get as much opportunity to grab the market share. Moreover, Dell could go for making ‘OFF silent changes In Its organizational culture Day encouraging Its employees to De more creative and to think out of the box so as to get rid of the monotonous feeling in them which would also enhance the productivity and would obviously spread a good word of mouth regarding Dell as a â€Å"ready to innovate and serve company’, which would work as another great distinctive competency. Question 2) Dell is currently engaged in a cost leadership strategy. If Dell decided to move more toward a differentiation strategy, what might be some sources of differentiation Dell could explore? Answer 2: Emphasizing on the cost leadership strategy for too long has caused Dell to lose it market share and not to mention has lead it to earning lower profits. That’s because the same strategy would not work forever. Dell has not explored in serving their customers with variety in their offerings for PC’s and notebooks, neither did it do much to upgrade its features and technology. Dell has not re-invested any of its profits into going for a different racketing strategy other than cost leadership. A differentiation strategy incorporates the development of a product or service so that it can offer a customer perceived uniqueness in the marketplace that seems to be better than or different from the products of the competition. Dell has to focus more on providing additional value for their customers if they want to differentiate their brand form the others in the market, to do so, they have to address their customers not yet raised demand for new technology say for example, delight their customers by offering new software and applications for their PC’s. Dell can also go for sales promotion; that is they can provide short term offers where they would be providing free upgrades for software in their current customers’ PC’s and offer discounts on certain software Just so as to attract their customers’ lost interest. Launching and promoting different complimentary products made by Dell can be a good idea to enhance the sales of Dell PC’s. For instance if Dell came up with a product line for gaming computers, to attract a certain segment of its potential clients, and along with that if it issued games made by Dell one of which would be provided for free with the gaming PC’s, it loud be a great way of differentiating their brand as â€Å"innovative† in the mind of customer, especially since no other competitor at that time came up with gaming PC’S. Question 3: According to Nations Product-Market expansion grid which strategy is applicable for Dell computer’s offerings? Explain the strategy in your own words in the context of the case. Answer 3: Nations model is based upon four types of strategies which are; market penetration strategy, market development strategy, product development strategy and diversification strategy. The diagram below illustrates the Nations Product-Market expansion grid. In my opinion, Dell should primarily go for product development strategy and then market development strategy. By going for product development strategy, Dell would be issuing new, developed and modified versions of its products. By doing so, Dell can show it to the industry that they are all ready to launch innovative products and solutions for their clients both Business and consumer. Moreover given the strong and well established brand name Dell has, it would not be a problem to beat its competitors Like HP, IT Dell can offer new Ana developed products to Its customers. For example by considering software as an product/service to offer, Dell can assemble a services portfolio that would include e-mail disaster recovery, spam/virus filtering and archiving via its Message acquisition. Moreover Dell can come up new models of its PC, and notebook, more lighter ones, faster ones, PC’s specially made for gaming, and PC’s which are specially made lighter and smaller for office going executives and students. Just like Google developed a new browser Chrome for the existing Internet user. Going for a market penetration strategy would be bad session for Dell since it has proved to be a failure Just because it refused to be innovative about its products and was only focusing on a single strategy of â€Å"mass customization†. However, Dell can also go for a market development strategy if that is feasible giving the transportation and set up costs associated with setting up business and dealerships in developing countries like Pakistan and Bangladesh, or it can focus on a different demography, like the elderly people; by creating easy to use and simple light laptops for them, which they can also afford with a little portion of their savings. How to cite Dells Marketing Case, Dillema, Essays

Office Management free essay sample

According to Npower (Business Case Studies) Often these decisions are administrative in nature and can be implemented quickly and tend to carry a little risk and are smaller scale, but are never the less important choices that people have to make to fulfil their role. Strategic Decision Implementing that laptops are to be used by partners while out of the office would be a strategic decision. There are lots of problems with the partners being out of the office and with the use of laptops as communication tools this will provide a direct link between the office staff and the partners. I believe that this is a strategic decision as with the right planning and overseeing the development this could really be a step forward for Classic Interiors because work can be exchanged between partners and the office and messages can be passed on effectively meaning that there won’t be a build-up of work or office staff with no work and communication between everyone will be made a lot easier. We will write a custom essay sample on Office Management or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Operational Decision Stipulating a lunch time for each staff member would be an organisational decision. The current system for lunch time is not convenient as the employees get to decide when they go as long as one of them is in the office. I believe this is an operational decision because if affects the day to day running of the organisation. If the administrators were set a lunch hour each they would have to stick to it and get used to working alongside the time set. Role of Office Manager Operational Planning Process As the office manager my role in establishing a new routine for lunch hour would be to organise a meeting to communicate the proposed changes with administrators and gain their views. Then I would create a plan to put forward to the administrators and partners. When a decision has been reached and the new plan is put into action I would have to oversee the progress of the plan gathering feedback at every opportunity. Issues There is increased frustration between partners and administrators due to the partners carrying out task they believe the administrators could be doing which would free up more time for the partners. The solution to this would be to for all administrators to be trained how to use the specialist interior design software, this would enable them to alleviate the work load from the partners and feel more involved in the design side of their work. This would likely be time consuming to train the administrators but the overall outcome would be beneficial to the company. The relationship between partners and the administrators is suffering due to the partners being out of the office as communication is often via short telephone messages and emails which has led to information being mis-communicated. The solution would be to introduce the use of PDA’s (Personal digital Assistants) for partners to be able to communicate with administrators. This would enable the administrators to contact the partners if a problem arises while carrying out work so that no mistakes are made and also they would be able to check their diaries to make appointments without the chance of double booking. Instant messaging could also help with communication as they are received instantly and can be replied to in seconds. Financial Planning and Budgetary Control Financial Planning According to Jim Priebe (ehow) A financial plan is like a blue print. It is a description of what you want to achieve and the tools you need to achieve it. Financial planning is the process of asking questions to ensure that you manage your risk against unexpected events. Managers need to be able to exercise control over the organisation that they manage to make sure that financial plans are being achieved both for the long term and the short term. Benefits of financial planning are: 1 Reducing the risk of a financial crisis. 2 Allows you to understand how each financial decision made affects other areas of finance. Barriers of financial planning are: 1 It can be time consuming 2 Can be costly as will involve accountants. Budgetary Control Budgetary control is precise control of an organisations operations through establishment of standards and targets concerning income and expenditure. Continuous monitoring is required to be effective. Benefits of budgetary control are: 1 Coordinates activities across departments. 2 Provides a record of organisational activities. Barriers of budgetary control are: 1 Budgets can demotivate staff. 2 May cause competition for resources. Effective Delegation Delegation is the distribution of tasks by the office manager. Giving responsibilities to employees to carry out the work but the work will remain liable to the office manager. When delegation is carried out properly very good results and high productivity can be achieved. The Process of Delegation Delegation can be very difficult. The process of delegation is: 1 Define the task 2 Select the Individual 3 Explain what must be achieved (clear instructions) 4 Discuss requirement to completion 5 Agree a deadline 6 Be there for support 7 Always give feedback Benefits Time management would be a benefit of delegation as this would allow partners to delegate work so that they have a more manageable work load. Delegating tasks will motivate staff and increase productivity. Barriers Forcing someone to do a task that they don’t want to or are not capable of would be a barrier, this can be seen in the case study when Izzy asked one of the administrators to just follow what had been done before. This lead to the administrator getting upset and Izzy feeling unable to approach anyone else. This could have been avoided by management setting out a procedure for staff to follow and allocating the task to someone suitable. Confusion about who is ultimately responsible for tasks is a barrier to effective delegation, this can be seen in the case study as partners are frustrated because they believe that administration is responsible for some of their tasks. This can be corrected by training administrators to make the delegation process easier. Leadership Models I think Tomi uses democratic leadership. As Tomi involves the staff in the decision making process of meeting times and encouraged staff to offer their opinions which made the administrators feel like what they said mattered. I believe Izzi uses Autocratic Leadership. When Izzi was in charge she would decide the times of meetings even when it was inconvenient to the others meaning work started to suffer which she then thought they could not manage and devised a new procedure which is hopeless but Izzi cannot see this. Staff find it difficult to communicate with her. Autocratic Leadership works where there is no need for input on the decisions and Democratic leadership works when a leader seeks help and guidance from staff to make decisions. Democratic leadership The impact of this leadership style is that it gives staff a voice and they are able to communicate better with management. Democratic leadership style encourages better cooperation and motivates staff because they feel well informed in everything that affects their work. Autocratic Leadership The impact of this leadership style is that it fails to motivate staff and they feel forced to do things managements way although It is not always the best way and staff become stressed being pushed. Autocratic leadership style encourages no communication between staff and management as management make all the decisions based on what they feel is best for the organisation. References Hamel, G. (2008) ‘What is strategic Decision Making’ http://smallbusiness. chron. com/strategic-decision-making-23782. html Npower. ‘Developing people through decision making’ http://businesscasestudies. co. uk/npower/developing-people-through-decision-making/tactical-decisions. html Priebe, J. ‘What is the purpose of Financial Planning’ http://www. ehow. com/info_7755005_purpose-financial-plan. html

Social Media Advocacy How to Develop a Successful Program For Your Brand

Social Media Advocacy How to Develop a Successful Program For Your Brand Social media employee advocacy. It’s a buzzword that has been floating around marketing teams for the past couple of years. While these types programs can be dramatically effective for a plethora of different reasons, including†¦ Brand awareness Sales connections Building company trust teams are still hesitant to adapt them  because†¦ There is risk of posting inappropriate content They are afraid the team won’t want to participate They already have enough work on their plate Whether you’ve started a program with your team and it’s turned into a chaotic mess, or you’re simply not sure how to start, you’ll learn about the resources and tools you need to turn your own employees into your biggest brand advocates. How To Develop A Successful Social Media Advocacy Program That Will Increase Brand AwarenessFirst Things First: Get Your Free Social Media Employee Advocacy Startup Package Before we start, make sure you download our Social Media Employee Advocacy Startup Package. When you download it, you’ll get: An pre-set email template to help you ask your co-workers to join the program A PowerPoint deck to help introduce and train your new employee advocates A brainstorming worksheet that advocates can use to determine their online voice A worksheet that your employees can use to remind themselves of when they need to send social messages That’s right, we did all the work for you. You’re welcome. What Is Social Media Employee Advocacy? A social media employee advocacy program allows you to use your employee’s vast social networks to help promote your company or brand. These employees are called "social employees" or "employee advocates." There are a lot of definitions of social employees, but the definition  that captures it best is from The Social Employee  by Mark and Cheryl Burgess: â€Å"Social Employees can utilize social media tools to act as authentic brand ambassadors in order to cultivate unique relationships with individuals where the end goal isn’t simply a purchase action but a dynamic exchange of ideas.† It’s a long definition, I know. But, the definition above captures both what a social employee is, and their purpose within your organization. It’s also important to note before we continue that when we refer to social media employee advocacy platforms, we’re talking about Twitter and LinkedIn. Let’s continue, shall we? What is social media employee advocacy (and is it right for your brand)?10 Steps To Starting Your Own Employee Advocacy Program Now that you know what an employee advocacy program is we’re going to move on to how to start your own program. The following steps will walk you through how to convince your team to join you, and the process you need to follow in order to get your program off on the right foot. Step 1: Identify Strong Candidates for Your Employee Advocacy Program Whether you’ve started your program and it flopped, or you’re just trying to get your feet off the ground, having the right people on your team is crucial to the initial success of your program. Therefore, check off the following before you  start: Pick a group of 10 people who you think would be good initial adopters of the program Narrow that list down to five Send the introductory email to those five people Depending on the size of your organization, the number of your initial adoptors may vary. We would recommend starting off with five, and growing the program from there. Five may seem like a small number, but there’s a lot of work that goes into setting up this program. Start small, you can always grow. Not to mention, you could run into a too many cooks in the kitchen type of problem. Don’t create that problem for yourself, trust me on this one. Now, I know what you’re thinking. What qualities should I be looking for the initial adopters of my employee advocacy social media program? A potential employee advocate should check off at least three of the following: Eager to learn Social media savvy Passionate about their job Great writing skills Has a wide knowledge base about the company Is already active on LinkedIn, Twitter, or both Is actually excited about the program and the potential it can bring to their department These are just a few of the qualities you will want to look for in your new social media employee advocacy program participants. Remember, you want to narrow it down to the best of the best so your program has a great jumping off point. A quick warning before you start your list. Do not, under any circumstances, force an employee to be a part of your employee advocacy program. No one likes being forced to do anything. It's like forcing a 4 year old to eat anything that's green. It's not gonna happen. If you force your employees to become your brand advocates, your program becomes in-genuine, and your potential consumers will see that coming from a mile away. So how do you approach your employees so that’ll they come and hear you out? Grab your free email template that complements  this post to customize and send to potential employee advocates. Feel free to personalize it to each person you’re sending it too. It may take a bit more time, but the personal touch really helps. Or you could just copy and paste the email from the social media employee advocacy kit. To Do: Make a list ten employees who you believe would be a good fit for your program Narrow the list down to five Send initial introduction email (Grab it from the kit that complements this post) Step 2: Introduce The Employee Advocacy Program To Your Team Why do you need to introduce the program to your employees? Well, first of all, you need to ask them if they want to participate.  Check out that email template from above to help get your started. Secondly, think about their schedule. They’re probably already swamped with a giant list of things to do. Imagine if your boss came to you and said, "Hey, I need you to spend about 3 hours a week tweeting about our company." You’d probably say no. Who wants extra work? No one. Being an employee advocate is not an easy task. It’s one that requires dedication and time. Most importantly, it’s a task that needs to be taken on voluntarily. So how do you convince your employees to take on extra work? Incentivize it. How do you convince your employees to take on extra work? Incentive it.I'm gonna get personal here for a second. When someone puts a competitive twist on things I’m immediately hooked. I have to win. I want to come out on top. Obviously, I'm pretty competitive person. Maybe your employees are the same way, and if so you can capitalize on that. Whether it’s a bonus, fun retreats, or even company swag, having a way for your employees to get rewarded will help them be more open to the possibility of participating in the program. So you've got everyone in the room. Now what? A presentation, maybe? You don't have time to create that. Don’t worry, we did that for you. Download it here. To Do: Download the PowerPoint slide deck from the social media employee advocacy starter kit Brainstorm ways to incentivize your employee advocacy program Get clearance from upper management for those incentives Schedule a meeting with your select five employees to go through presentation Step 3: Determine The Voice Of The Employees Who Will Be Participating In The Program If your employee advocates sound like a corporate robot, that’s what your consumer/customer fan base is going to think of them as. That’s not a good thing. Your employees need to bring their unique voice and perspective in order to breathe fresh life into your content. So how do you do this? Bring your employees to the  table. Schedule a short meeting, 15 minutes maximum to brainstorm and finalize an employee voice. You could even just swing by their desk when they have a minute or two to spare. Remember you want these meetings to be effortless and easy. The less this program interferes with their daily schedule the better. Once you’re in your meeting ask the following two questions and have them record their answers on the one-pager that is in the attached kit. What are five personality traits that make you great at your job? What are five personality traits that are not you? Once they have those written down have them pick their top three. Those become the voice of the employee online. An example is below. For a sales manager (let’s call him Bill), his list could look like: Confident but not arrogant Silly but not unprofessional Informative but not pushy Here's how to help your team develop their social media voice:Still stuck? Let me use myself as an example. I created my professional Twitter profile during my senior year of college because I wanted my potential new employers to know that: I was knowledgeable about social media and knew how to use it. I wanted to stand out among other applicants and find additional ways to showcase my personality. So when it came to creating my voice I had to answer the following three questions: Who am I and what is my personality like? Am I passive in my opinions or unafraid to state them clearly? If a potential employer or professional took thirty seconds to look at my profile what would they think about me? Have your employees try and think along the same mindset. Remember, don’t give them the answers. This is all about them. Have them fill out the worksheet in the kit that complements this blog post, and attach it to a desk, cubicle wall, or wherever they will see it often. This will act as a gentle reminder in case they get stuck on what to post. To Do: Print out voice brainstorming worksheet from kit Schedule a short meeting with participating employees or drop by there desk Brainstorm what their voice will be Finalize voice structure and record on worksheet Step 4: Create A Username  Convention When most companies start their social media employee advocacy program, they’ll usually identify their employees with a naming convention. Usually this means incorporating the company name into the Twitter handle somehow. It is important to note that once you pick a naming convention,  you stick with it. Once you pick a company-wide social media naming convention, stick with it.For example, our friends at Onsharp, a digital marketing and website development company in our home state of North Dakota, has an active social employee program. The handles for each of their employees is @Onsharpname. They cover a wide variety of topics, and are also able to show off their company culture. This not only helps increase their overall credibility,  but if you have a potential employee looking into the company, they have a chance to see genuine interactions that happen within the team. But it’s not just small businesses using username conventions. Discovery  Benefits is making a huge mark on the insurance industry. We recently interviewed their marketing manager,  Abby Boggs-Johnson,  for our Actionable  Marketing Podcast. In it,  Abby mentions how her sales team has started a series of social media employee advocacy profiles that are helping them connect to their customer base. By creating these unique connections between the sales team and their customers, Discovery Benefits is able to showcase genuine interactions which can allow people to build trust  in the company. Like Onsharp, Discovery Benefits has a naming convention @DBIname. It would be easy to say, â€Å"Well, these are smaller companies.†Ã‚  What about big Fortune 500s? Have they tried a social media employee advocacy program? Actually, some Fortune 500s were a few of the earliest adopters. One of them was Adobe. Adobe’s program still exists but unlike Discovery Benefits and Onsharp, Adobe doesn’t have a naming convention. Most of their employees have the @Adobe programming they work for listed in their handle. Why would Adobe forgo a naming convention? The company is huge,  and because there are so many different official Adobe product accounts, it would be impossible to keep one single convention among  all the different products. So if you’re a smaller company with one main Twitter account,  you should have a naming convention.  But if you’re marketing for a major corporation with multiple official Twitter accounts,  use your bio to identify which major company profile you are associated with. But Breonna, how do I create my naming convention? Don’t worry, I have you covered. Here's how to create a naming convention for your social media employee advocacy program:Below is a list of ten naming conventions. Pick one that you think will work best for your company. Some names will be too long. Remember, Twitter has a character limit for it’s usernames, so don’t be afraid if you have to use initials or abbreviations. @CompanyName @Company_Name @CompanyAcroynmName @CompanyInitialsName @Name_CompanyName @NameCompanyName @NameAtCompany @NameFromCompany @NameFrom_Company Company handle in bio To Do: Go through naming convention list Choose a convention and make sure it fits under Twitter’s 15 character handles Step 5: Create Consistent  Profile and Cover Photo Images One of the great ways that you can help distinguish your social media employee advocates is to have a matching profile style image and cover photo. Not only does this help distinguish your actual social employees online, it gives it a nice, clean, polished and professional look to your social accounts. Profile images should be: Headshot style- shoulders and above Contain the same background Any editing style applied to the headshot photo should be the same throughout Here are a couple examples from our team. This is Chris St. Amant, UI/UX Desginer: And Tyler Brazier, Software Engineer: Like the profile images, cover photos should be: Clean and informative Inviting The same throughout all profiles They should look like this: Or this: Everything is clean and consistent. Just the way we like it. It’s important to note that once the standard is set for the profiles, it needs to be followed throughout every single one of them. Why is this consistency  important? It helps users and your customers find your profiles. It also acts as a minor defense system against people who may try to impersonate the account. Once you’ve got your headshots and cover images created,  you can move on to account set up. To Do: Meet with graphic designer and document headshot and cover photo requirements Schedule time for employees to have headshots taken Review headshots and cover photos for final approval Step 6: Set Up Your Social Accounts Now that you’ve got your team on board and their voice has been determined, you’re ready for the fun part. Setting up your profiles. Whether your team is working with Twitter, LinkedIn or both, how you set up the accounts is incredibly important. For some people, this will be the first interaction they ever have with one of your employees. You want your bios to be short and sweet, as well as original. Everyone talks about how they love coffee and traveling. Challenge your employee advocates to think outside the box with another brainstorm session. Have them write down or think about the following: What does their online voice sound like? How can their bio reflect that? They may love coffee and traveling but what is something unique about them? What position do they hold within the company? Do they have a hobby, favorite book series etc, that they will sometimes tweet about? Have them think about some of these questions so they can incorporate them to make a unique bio for their profiles. For example, my professional Twitter bio looks like this: In it, I talk about my field of experience, my passion for theatre, my current position, my alma mater and for good measure I throw in a bit about my Harry Potter obsession. This simple bio does a few things: It establishes my area of expertise and the repertoire I tweet about. It adds personality. Not only do you know that I’m a Content Writer for , you also know that I love theatre and Harry Potter, among other things. This can help establish a connection to a potential client or customer. It makes me approachable. You know,  without a doubt, there is a real human behind that profile. This can make approaching me with a question about our product easier than approaching a company account. Some of you may have noticed there’s something missing in my bio. Can you see it yet? I don’t have a disclaimer in my online bio. Many people will tell you that your professional social accounts need a disclaimer that runs something along the lines of: Opinions are my own Retweet does not = endorsement Many people will add these disclaimers to their social bios in order to protect themselves and the company they work for. It seemed like a simple solution that would protect the employee in case they tweeted something that their employer disagreed with. It’s also thought that adding this disclaimer would protect the employer from public backlash if an employee tweeted something inappropriate. I’m sorry to say that these phrases will rarely protect either the employee or their employer  from backlash if something inappropriate is posted on social media. What can protect me, you might be thinking to yourself? Honestly, nothing but solid common sense. And on that happy note, we’ll continue into step 7. To Do: Brainstorm traits for your employee bios Edit and finalize bios. Add to social profile Step 7: Determine Your Posting Rules If I had to tell you to take away one vitally important piece of information away from this blog  post,  it would be that if you decide to develop your own social media employee advocacy program, determine your posting rules before you start. It may seem like a nonsense task. Why would I have the team take time to write everything down? Because, while great, social media can turn on you within seconds if you or a team member sends the wrong tweet  or message. It doesn’t take much to remember some of the biggest blunders that a company has made on social media. United, Cracker Barrel,  or Pepsi  ringing a bell at all? The internet can be a merciless place, and will never forget anything you posted. Yes, even if you delete it. Social media can turn on you in seconds if you send the wrong tweet or message.Having established rules in place can help you avoid those costly mishaps and give you the peace of mind that content being sent by your team is appropriate, timely and most importantly, connects with your customer base in ways your normal advertising won’t. With that in mind here is an example list of posting do’s that your team can start with and expand on: Post about company milestones Post/Retweet great reviews from other customers Have a blog? Have your employees tweet links back to new content Hosting an event? Have your advocates help promote it? The same goes when you’re attending an event or conference. Make your presence known by tweeting about it If you have fun office traditions, like our #BratwurstBlowout, tweet about it to show off your culture Hiring? Having your advocates post about new positions is a great way to help recruit people to your team Launching a new product or have some big news coming out? Extend the reach of your launch by having employees tweet to If your company is industry specific, have employees share new news or industry trends This is just a starting list. As your program continues to grow, your list will change and grow as your employees find their niche.

Authors can now accept quotes from Freelancers

Authors can now accept quotes from Freelancers Reedsy now allows authors to receive quotes from professional editors and illustrators Reedsy is already making waves in the publishing industry. Last month, we gave authors the best marketplace to find publishing professionals. Today marks a new milestone with Reedsy: we’re allowing authors to request quotes from freelance editors and illustrators. Browse the marketplace Reedsy allows you to browse our curated network of publishing professionals. Access to these people is no longer the sole privilege of publishing houses. Now indie authors can find them in a single click. We’re very proud of the people we have on board. We’ve lost track of how many bestsellers we’ve seen in their portfolios.

How does social media impacts on people's relationship and daily life Essay

How does social media impacts on people's relationship and daily life - Essay Example These resources will be narrowed down to ensure that only the most relevant documents and those that are rich in social media information will be analyzed. To improve the relevance of the outcome, the research will insist on usage of the most recent sources of information. Additionally, since discussion blogs do not have a good reputation with regard to provision of reliable information, the research will also determine and make use of the most relevant ones. This will ensure availability of adequate information on the topic. The study will also incorporate the creation of a coding sheet that will comprise several sections as they relate to the available sources of information. Some of the sections will include the main themes as presented by the online videos while others will comprise the relevance of the resource as it relates to the research questions. The content present in these sources will also be recorded in the coding sheet. Coders will be attempting to categorize the available sources so that it would be easier and more reliable to get the most relevant information to answer the research questions. The coders will work as a team to determine relevance of the sources. Through this study, my main expectation is to determine the authenticity of the claim that social media ruins relationships and that it alienates individuals. I want to analyze the main source of this, if it is accurate, since social media was established to improve communication. I also expect to assess the positives of social media since there has to be some useful aspects that social media has brought to the modern world. In addition, I expect the study to shed some light on the portions of the population that are affected by the negative impacts of social media. Lastly, I expect to determine whether social media triggers relationship issues or people ruin their own relationships and blame

Instruction Groups Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Instruction Groups - Essay Example Thus, the teacher may have a number of high achievers in one group and low achievers in another. Students enter the system with varied levels of reading abilities and mathematical skills. Hence, it is common for teachers to practice within-class groupings for the teaching of Reading and Mathematics. Flexible grouping encompasses the arrangement of students based on their learning levels. Hence, students may not remain in the same group for an entire semester. The teacher closely monitors students’ progress to ascertain when students may have improved in a particular subject area. This student is then placed in a group that contains members of similar aptitude. However, a student may be excellent in one subject area yet weak in another. Regardless of the type of grouping used, the teacher should establish only two or three groups within the class for easier supervision and timely intervention. Each group should work on material that is suited to their unique needs and abilities. Some situations in which whole group instruction may occur include storytelling, the introduction of new concepts, ideas and skills, writing composition, poetry appreciation, dramatization of a story and the generation of a language experience chart. Specifically, there is a lure about story-telling that equalizes all students irrespective of their reading level or their ability in any other content area. For example in the telling of the story of Little Red Riding Hood, the teacher could read aloud this story, varying the intonation of the voice in order to portray different characters. All the students are allowed to participate in this session. However, at the end of the reading of the story, students can be divided into groups based on their ability or skill. Thus, the teacher of a third grade class for example, may ask each ability group to write a different ending to the story. At the end of the writing period, the

Evaluation of Burberrys Market Position

Evaluation of Burberrys Market Position Critically evaluate Burberrys market position relative to that of its competitors. What has been the impact on their position in choosing Emma Watson for their latest advertising campaigns ? Burberry : Finds a position among the Top Ten Luxury Apparel Brands and Emma Watson proves to be a catalyst . Burberry is a iconic brand best known for its â€Å"Britishness† , in recent years has undergone a image overhaul having been described as ‘an outdated business with a fashion cachet of almost zero by leading fashion analysts in 1998 (Finch and May, 1998). By 1997, the annual profits of Burberry had gone to  £25 million from  £62 million (Moore, C., Birtwistle, G., 2004) . Over past few years, Burberry has become in themselves the sign of reinventing and extending product lines to adapt to the taste of times.â€Å" Our objective was to distil what the Burberry brand stood for and determine how to make it relevant for todays consumer† Bravo stated (Alderman, 2002). However, changes focused on brand repositioning turned revenues of  £427.8 million in 2001 into  £715.5 million in 2005 (Burberry Group, 2005). Burberry adopted a strategy to create a market position to explain its growth and extend the customer base by offering â€Å"Accessible Luxury† when most other brands were struggling to acquire a broader clientele. Burberry repositioned themselves and opened a flagship store on Bon Street in London (Moore, C., Birtwistle, G., 2004) placing it store among Gucci, Versace, Prada and Chanel. Approximately, Burberry operates in the global luxury sector to about  £145bn (Burberry Plc, 2009c). Jaeger recently bought Aquascutum and the annual turnover for both brands together was  £300m. Whereas, Burberrys current capital is about  £ 2.1bn. Burberry is considered among the top ten luxury brands. Burberrys competitors differ through its categories and price ranges or diffusion lines. Burberry is positioned between Polo Ralph Lauren and Armani considering apparel and Coach and Gucci for Accessories. Giorgio Armani, Coach, Donna Karan, Escada, Gucci, Max Mara, Polo Ralph Lauren, To ds, Hermes, LVMH, PPR, Prada, Chanel and Richemont are a few among Burberrys competitors (Burberry Plc,2009c). However, even after the recession hit Burberry has achieved to increase sales up to  £1,202m by 31st march 2009. In 2008/09 there was a sales increase through retail by 14%, 2% in wholesale and 9% decline in licensing which contributed to overall 7% revenue increase from the previous year (Burberry Plc,2009a). Comparing with the market Burberry Prorsum competes with Armani Black Label, Gucci and Prada. Burberry London Women is placed between Armani Collezioni and Ralph Lauren. Burberry London Men is between the gap of Zegna and Ralph Lauren. Tommy Hilfiger, Armani Jeans and Polo Jeans are the competitors for Thomas Burberry. Most of the Japanese brands like Ozoc, Michel Klein are a tough competition to Burberry Blue while Paul Smith competes with Burberry Black. In recent years Burberry has expanded its product lines which helped to improve on brand standing and growth. Many other fashion brands are following the same strategy to stand the competition like Armani extension into Armani Casa, Armani hotels etc. According to the top 15 luxury brands listed by Interbrand (2009) Burberry is eleventh in the list and among top ten if only apparel brands are considered. Also, comparing the brand values for the year 2008 and 2009, it can be concluded that competitors brand values declined. Only Hermes managed to get a 1% increase in their brand value AND Polo Ralph Lauren is not listed among top 15. Most of the brands managed to climb the ladder on global ranks, Burberry achieved 98th rank in top 100 global brands 2009. The market brand position of Burberry in terms of valuation can be compared through below segments : †¢ European Apparel Brands: companies like Escada, Hugo Boss, HM and Benetton are competitors in terms of product mix and the business model. Though few companies work on lower price range, few brands are tough to compete in terms of the value they offer to consumers. †¢ US Apparel Brands: Polo Ralph Lauren, Tommy Hilfiger competes on basis of product mix and has more mature business. †¢ Luxury Goods Brands: brands like Hermes, Coach, LVMH, Tods . Performing better than competitors and beating analyst expectations, Burberry sales rose by 4.6 % to  £ 343m by September. Share price for Burberry doubled during the past year providing a good defense against competitors. Its market position is mainly in the fashion oriented mature sectors focusing on ready to wear and some accessories peers. Burberry continually tries to consider the cost effectiveness in maintaining the quality and enhance the product while trying to achieve competitive pricing and improving efficiency in sourcing the goods. Even in recession it continues expansion in other markets, for instance the launching kidswear store in US. Also, tailoring the merchandise mix according to the climate to attract more customers, some products are displayed only in selected stores for instance, the New York store provides service for customized trench coat, Beverley hill store contains light weight products etc. Comparing revenues below, 33% of non-apparel to 67% of apparel is a correct balance for a brand to display its products and innovations to provide their customers a wide variety. Where brands like Armani, Channel and Polo Ralph Lauren gain most revenues through apparel while others like Coach depend on the accessories. Burberry trench coats were worn by Hollywood stars like Humprey Bogart in Casablanca, Peter Sellers in The Pink Panther (Jackson and Shaw 2009, p.77).Burberry strongly believes that marketing and management are very critical to its success hence, it focuses on coverage in Editorials, advertising, fashion shows both domestically and internationally and has a website, twice yearly ad campaigns focusing on leading lifestyle and fashion publications and fashion shows in Milan. In order to reflect the essence of the brand ,create brand awareness and sustain brands aura, Luxury brands often feature models, celebrities or famous personalitys as they help wield an enormous power in fashion circles and help in making up or destroying a brand. Burberry uses a lot of images of London to represent it English lifestyle with a British celebrity. Burberry had renowned personalities like Stella Tenant, Rachel Weisz, Agyness Deyn, Lily Donaldson and Kate Moss endorsing the brand. Kate Moss was the most popular and high profile face Burberry had. While, other celebrities like Jerry Hall, Nicole Appleton, Jarvis Cocker and Beckhams also contributed. The beautiful, elegant Emma Watson â€Å"the Harry Potter ‘actress, a leading style icon is the new face of Burberry. Advertising campaign images of Burberry featuring Emma Watson as the face of Burberry were unveiled on 9th Jun 2009. Chistopher Bailey ( Burberrys Creative Director) who said â€Å"Having known and admired the lovely Emma Watson for some time, she was the obvious choice for this campaign†. â€Å"Emma has a classic beauty, a great character and a modern edge. Her charm, intellect and brilliant sense of fun made the whole shoot feel like a picnic on the Thames† he added.( Craik, L. ,2009). The advertising campaign was shot by renowned fashion photographer Mario Testino in Westminster, central London which is the global Headquarter of Burberry and directed by Bailey who considered Watson to strong enough and came up with the idea of presenting only girl surrounded by the young Cool British guys. The images in this campaign capture Watson wearing the classic trench coat looking winsome, accompanied by male models Tom Guinness, Charlie France and Douglas Booth. The images represent the rich history associated with the brand as well as the modernity of Burberry which emphasises on the beauty, timelessness and strength of the brand noteworthy at present. Emma Watson has been globally very popular due to her Harry Porter movies for years now. Watsons popularity and appeal as a leading style icon she has a huge fan following, which the brand uses to target a new young set of customer. Watsons high profile catwalk at the London fashion week in September 2009, helped the company to raise its profile in UK .It can also be assumed that the new ad campaign helped the brand to attract more customer base and resulting in sales increase which is evident from the sales figures for 2009. Burberry mentioned the increase in the second quarter sales climbing from 4.6pc to  £343m.Finacial Analyst and business advisors have forecasted that the tax profits will increase towards  £190m ( Hall, J. 2009) The linkage of Emma Watson as the face of Burberry has also helped the brand to increase the sales of handbags and pull on scarves called snoods. The analysts were proposed rise in the profits due to the increase in sales which helped Burberry to beat the market expectations in second quarter of financial year .However, It seems to a bit risky decision for Burberry as she is bound to get a bit older. To conclude, Burberry is an example of complex channel and distribution for luxury fashion ( Moore and Birtwistle, 2004 ) and proved its potential to be a tough competitor by making positive growth of brand value even when economic scenario is not very supportive. Burberrys decision of choosing Emma Watson for their ad Campaigns has proved beneficial for them to increase sales and profits, also, she reflects the same charm and personality as the brand. However, brand understands that the real task is to implement effective strategies in business that can develop and manage a brand. It is not only celebrity that brings success to the brands. Burberry proves to be approachable as the products not only have good aesthetics but also due to durability, functional and practical proving to be inclusive yet offering friendly prices. This results in higher brand value and brand appreciation. REFERENCES: Alderman, E. (2002) Luxury and the downturn: diamonds in the rough, International Herald Tribune, 6 December 2002. Baker, M., Foy,A,( 2003) Business and Management Research. United Kingdom : Westburn Publishers Ltd. Bergin, O. (2009) Emma Watson as the new face of Burberry. Telegraph [Internet] 9 June 2009. Available from Accessed on 17 December 2009. â€Å"Bravo† for Burberry- From bust to boom- creating a luxury fashion brand (2005), Strategic Direction, Vol.21 No.1,pp 22-24 , ISSN 0258-0543. Burberry (2002), Burberry PLC Annual Report and Accounts 2001-2002, Burberry, London. Burberry Group (2005), Annual Report and Accounts 2004/2005, Burberry Group, London. Burberry plc (2009a), Annual Report 2008/ 09, Burberry Group, London,[ Internet] 15th June 2009.Available from ( Accessed on 17 December 2009) Burberry plc ( 2009b )Investor pack- November, Burberry Group , [ Internet] 2 December 2009. Available from ( Accessed on 17 December 2009. Burberry plc ( 2009c ) Corporate Profile, Burberry Group, [Internet]. Available from accessed on 16 December 2009. Burberry Group plc London United Kingdom ,Overview(2009) Hoovers- A DB Company [Internet]. Available from Accessed on 13 December 2009. Burberry Toasts a lift in sales ( 2009 ) The Independent ( London, England). 15 October 2009, P. 44. Burberry Worries Investors ( 2005) [Internet].Available from Accessed on 27 November 2009. Chadha, R. , Husband, P. (2006) The cult of the Luxury Brand- Inside Asias Love Affair with Luxury. London Nicolas Brealey International pp.25-63, 149, 178, 267-77,280. Chiefs call for tighter business models ( 2009) The financial times, 5 October 2009, p.17. Accessed on 24 December 2009. Clark ,N. (2008) Burberrys Sales soar as Debenhams struggles , The Independent -Business, 16 April 2008 [Internet]. Available from Accessed on 13 December 2009. Craik, L. ( 2009) Harry Porter Star Emma Watson Charms Burberry. London Evening Standard, 9 June 2009 [ Internet]. Available from .Accessed on 13 November 2009. Diamond ,J., Litt, S. (2003) Retailing in the new millennium, New York : Fairchild Publications.p.21-23 Easey ,M. ( 1995) Fashion Marketing, India, Blackwell Publishing , pp.174-177. Everywhere is home for the global top one hundred (2008),Strategic Direction, Vol.24 No.5,pp 14-17 , ISSN 0258-0543. Finch, J. and May, T. (1998), â€Å"Reputations: putting a zip in a Burberry†, The Guardian, 27 June. Hall, J. ( 2009 ) Emma Watson helps Burberry beat expectations. The Telegraph- Telegraph.co.uk, 14 October 2009 [Internet]. Available from Accessed on 17 November 2009. Interbrand (2009) Leading Luxury Brands 2008 Rankings, Branding Studies- The Top 15 Luxury Brands, Interbrand-Creating and managing brand Value,[Internet]. Available from Accessed on 27 December 2009. Interbrand (2009b) Best Global Brands 2009 rankings, Interbrand-Creating and Managing Brand Value, [Internet].Available from Accessed on 27 December 2009. Jackson ,T., Haid, C. ( 2006) : Global Luxury Brands-trademark/ Intellectual Property In Jackson, T., Shaw, D. The Fashion Handbook, London: Routledge , pp. 72-81. Jackson ,T., Shaw, D. (2006) The Fashion Handbook. London : Routledge, pp. 61-3. 72-81,105-08,127. Jackson, T., Shaw, D.( 2009) Mastering Fashion Marketing. Wiltshire: Palgrave Macmillan, pp.12-15,63,161-63,247-250,288-98. Keynote ( 2009) Report Search [Internet]. Available from .Accessed on 18 December 2009. Kiley, D. (2007), ‘‘Best global brands, Business Week, Vol. 4005, August 6, pp. 56-63. Kollewe, J., Wearden, G.(2008) Burberry sees profits rise while Laura Ashley Suffers. The Guardian ,Financial section [ internet] 29 May 2008, pp 26. Available from Accessed on 18 December 2009. Leroux, M. ( 2009 ) Childs play for Burberry . The Times, 15 October 2009, p.51. Luxury Goods. Lex Column ( 2009 )The Financial Times, 21 November 2009, pp 24. Main Movers ( 2009) ,The Independent ( London, England) ,10 December 2009, p.52. Malem Wendy (2008) Practitioner Paper Fashion designers as business: London, Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management ,Vol. 12 No. 3, pp. 398-414. Milligan ,L. ( 2009) Emma Watson Exclusive. Vogue.com [Internet] > 12 june 2009. Available from Moore, C. and Fernie, J. (2004), â€Å"Retailing within an international context†, in Bruce, M., Moore, C. And Birtwistle, G. (Eds), International Retail Marketing; A Case Study Approach, Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, pp. 3-37. Moore, C. and Birtwistle, G. (2004), ‘‘The Burberry business model: creating an international luxury brand, International Journal of Retail Distribution Management, Vol. 32 No. 8, pp. 412-22, ISSN 0959-0552. Neumier, M. (2006) The Brand Gap. United States of America: AIGA. Okonkwo, U. (2007) Luxury Fashion Branding. Hampshire : Palgrave Macmillan, pp.15-25, 30-37, 132-67, 173-78, 227, 260, 278-83, 310 ONeill, L. (2009) From Hogwarts to Burberry: Actress Emma Watson graduating into high fashion as new face of label. NYDaily News.com [Internet] 9 June 2009. Available from Accessed on 17 December 2009. Pringle, H. (2004) Celebrity Sells. India :John Wiley Sons ,LTd. Satherley, J. ( 2009) Emma Watson unveiled as Burberry Babe [ Internet] 9 June 2009. Available from ile:///C:/Users/Admin/Desktop/burberry/research/Emma%20Watson%20unveiled%20as%20Burberry%20babe%20%20%20Metro.co.uk.htm> . Accessed on 16 December 2009.. Vine, S. ( 2009) Coppy Emma Watsons Burberry Look. The Times-TimesOnline [Internet] 10 June 2009. Available From Accessed on 17 December 2009. Werdigier, J. ( 2009) Burberry Looks Online for Ways to Gain Customers. The New York times-Global Business [Internet] 9 November 2009. Available from . Accessed on 12 December 2009. IMAGE REFERENCES : Image No. 1: Burberry previous ad campaigns by Koko Royle ( 2009) Burberry Handbags resist the chav scandal [Online Image]. Available from [ Accessed on 29 December 2009]. Image No. 2 : Rosie Huntington and Sam Riley in Burberry Fall 2008 Ad Campaign by Foster, K. ( 2008) Rosie Huntington-Whitley for Burberry autmn/winter 2008-9- revealed [Online Image].Available from [Accessed on 14 December 2009]. Image No. 3 : David Victoria Beckham for Emporio Armani by Jane, Tina ( 2009 ) Celebrities for Luxury Brands09 Ad Campaign [Online Image]. Available from .[Accessed on 14 December 2009]. Image No. 4 : Madonna for Louis Vuitton by AmyGrindhouse ( 2009) David Victoria Beckham Armani Fall 2009 Ads [Online Image], 2 July 2009. Available from [Accessed on 14 December 2009]. Image No. 5 : Emma Watson For Burberry- Autumn/Winter 09 Campaign at Burberry Plc ( 2009) About Burberry- Ad Campaign [Online image].Available from . [Accessed on 17 December 2009] Image No. 6 : Burberry Spring/Summer 2010 Ad Campaign for Burberry Prorsum at Burberry Plc ( 2009) About Burberry-Introducing Spring/Summer 2010 [Online Image]. Available from .[ Accessed on 29 December 2009] Image No. 7: Burberry Spring/Summer 2010 Ad Campaign for Burberry Prorsum featuring Emma Watson at Burberry Plc ( 2009) About Burberry-Introducing Spring/Summer 2010 [Online Image]. Available from .[ Accessed on 29 December 2009] Image No. 8: Burberry London ad campaign for Spring/ Summer 2010 at Burberry Plc ( 2009) About Burberry-Introducing Spring/Summer 2010 [Online Image]. Available from .[ Accessed on 29 December 2009] Image No. 9: Emma Watson for Burberry Brit Spring /Summer 2010 Ad campaignat Burberry Plc ( 2009) About Burberry-Introducing Spring/Summer 2010 [Online Image]. Available from .[ Accessed on 29 December 2009]

American Express Diversity

American Express continues to be the one biggest company for selling financial products and is one of the most stable. Established in 1850 in New York, American Express Company was among the first and most successful express delivery businesses to arise during the rapid westward expansion of the United States (American Express Website, 2008). With over 150 years of experience in handling the business, the company is continually eyeing global expansion and international growth. The company employs a large number of employees from across Asia and Northern America.That includes different nationalities, cultures, with different ideologies, sects and religion. This shows how diverse American Express is. Diversity is generally defined as acknowledging, understanding, accepting, valuing, and celebrating differences among people with respect to age, class, ethnicity, gender, physical and mental ability, race, sexual orientation, spiritual practice, and public assistance status (Green, et. al , 2002). Now, how does American Express manages this kind of corporate setup? This is where leaders emerge.The company trains potential leaders through series of leadership enhancing courses with its goals, objectives and target outputs and film showing about the importance of working in a team. But first, leaders are asked on their knowledge of every individual employee’s human and cultural diversity. A Leader should be a motivational one, the kind who could open employees mind to working towards diversity. One must also show the big picture of its importance to the growth of the company and who will reap its benefits.Every conflict of ideas or differences must be resolved immediately through the ombudsmen department. All of these are needed to create synergies to maximize profit. American Express has created the Global Diversity and Inclusion. This will bridge the gap rooting from the immediate conflict on a local are to escalate into a network scene and the identification of diversity related arguments. All are monitored from the smallest department. Launching sports festivities and lunch and learn activities are effective ways of interacting all employees.Employees are allowed to express their opinions in the company. The workplace operates with respect for each other. The knowledge that leaders get from training modules are translated to the employees. The management sees to it that diversity is always practiced in the company. All are treated equally and if not, immediate actions are imposed. Although, discrimination still exists, all are advised to take it away. All opinions will be heard. Hispanics, Asians, Blacks, Muslims and employees of other religion work for the company.They may have their groups according to their faith, but all are working towards the corporate goals. Differences on faith are strongly respected. This shows how diverse the working place is. The company strives hard in leveraging these cultural gaps. Employees are all given equal opportunities as to be promoted or as to climb the corporate ladder. No one is given preferential treatment based on their ethnicity or color. This has been the most important practice of the company to promote diversity.Anyone who noticed that such wrongdoings can file complaints in the ombudsman department or any complaint centers. The importance of diversity reflects the company’s success. The operations in other countries are stronger for local employees talk to customers in their national language and know how to relate to them. This help the company expand faster and grow stronger. This also strengthens one of American Express corporate values, TEAMWORK, we work together, across boundaries, to meet the needs of our customers and to help the company win (American Express Website, 2008).References: American Express Website. (2008). Becoming American Express: 150+ Years of Reinvention and Customer Service. Retrieved, October 5, 2008, from http://home3. americanexpre ss. com/corp/os/history. asp Green, Kelli A, Mayra Lopez, Allen Wysocki, and Karl Kepner. (July, 2002). Diversity in the Workplace: Benefits, Challenges, and the Required Managerial Tools. Retrieved, October 5, 2008, from http://edis. ifas. ufl. edu/HR022 American Express Website. (2008). Our Values, Teamwork. Retrieved, October 5, 2008, from http://home3. americanexpress. com/corp/os/values. asp

Essay on Life Without Parole for Juveniles - 956 Words

Supreme Court ruling Graham v. Florida (2010) banned the use of life without parole for juveniles who committed non-homicide crimes, and Roper v. Simmons (2005) abolished the use of the death penalty for juvenile offenders. They both argued that these sentences violated the 8th Amendment, which prohibits cruel and unusual punishment. While these landmark cases made great strides for the rights of minors passing through the criminal justice system, they are just the first steps in creating a juvenile justice system that takes into consideration the vast differences between adolescents and adults. Using sociological (Butler, 2010) and legal (Harvard Law Review, 2010) documents, this essay will explicate why the next such step to be taken is†¦show more content†¦He immediately goes on cite the Convention Against Torture’s suggestion that JLWOP sentences are â€Å"cruel, unusual, or degrading treatment† (p. 274). Butler also points out that â€Å"it is notoriously difficult to predict future dangerousness, especially based on a homicide committed by a teen† (p. 276). This point is one of the strongest arguments against JLWOP. It is commonly accepted that the brains and bodies of adolescents are not fully developed. As a result of this, it does not make sense for a child or teen to be treated the same way as an adult- in everyday life, minors are not expected to work full time jobs, and they cannot serve in the military, consume alcohol, or smoke tobacco products. Butler argues that the lack of responsibility attributed to them should extend to the criminal justice system, and they should be considered less culpable of their crimes due to their youth and all of its implications. Taking into consideration this lack of culpability for minors, the reasoning behind the ruling of Graham v. Florida can easily be applied to the elimination of the JLWOP sentence in its entirety. Harvard Law Review’s 2010 â€Å"Criminal Law and Procedure -Eighth Amendment-€ Juvenile Life Without Parole Sentences: Graham v. Florida† is a detailed review of the Graham v. Florida case. It goes in-depth about why the justices ruled against JLWOP in non-homicide cases. Unfortunately forShow MoreRelatedLife Without Parole For Juveniles2068 Words   |  9 PagesLife Without Parole for Juveniles On December 17, 1992, 15 year-old Jacob Ind went to school after having murdered his mother and stepfather in the early hours of that morning. In an interview with Frontline he recalled, â€Å"I remember I was sitting in the police station and this is how out of touch of reality I was. I had a small amount of marijuana, like an eighth of an ounce, in my bedroom. And I m telling my brother, You got to get the marijuana or else I m in trouble† (Profile Jacob Ind).Read MoreA Research Study On Juvenile Life Without Parole1048 Words   |  5 Pageson a National Institute of Justice study as a Doctoral Research Assistant. Her focus is corrections, juvenile justice, and legal analyses in criminal justice (S.H.S University). In her article, â€Å"Juvenile Life Without Parole,† Spooner addresses the punishment of Juvenile life without parole and questions its constitutionality. She begins with raw numbers, including which states have the most juvenile serving LWOP. Further discussed are the facts that 98% of JLWOP inmates are male, and that black youthRead MoreEssay about Juvenile Life Without Parole, Cruel or Just Unusual?3438 Words   |  14 PagesJuveniles Sentenced to Life without Parole Cruel or Just Unusual? [pic] Juvenile Sentencing: Life without Parole, Cruel or Just Unusual? When the Judge announced the verdict â€Å"Guilty† there was a slight murmur in the court room as was expected. Then the Judge began to announce the sentence â€Å"Life in prison without the possibility of parole†, the words cutting through the air like an arrow through a paper target. The courtroom was an arena of mixed feelings, half cheering in a celebratoryRead MoreMiller V. Alabama1421 Words   |  6 PagesCourt weighed in on the constitutionality of life without parole for juvenile offenders. The case was Miller v. Alabama and actually included another case, Jackson v Hobbs, as well (2012). Both were criminal cases involving 14 year old boys who were convicted of murder and sentenced to a mandatory sentence of life without parole (2012). In 2009, juvenile courts in the United States handled an estimated 1.5 million delinquency cases that involved juveniles charged with criminal law violations (KnollRead MoreMiller vs Alabama1270 Words   |  6 Pagesof mandator y life sentences without parole enforced upon persons aged fourteen and younger found guilty of homicide. The court declared unconstitutional a compulsory sentence of life without parole for children. The states have been barred from routinely imposing sentences based on the crime committed. There is a requirement for individual consideration of the child life circumstance or the defendant status as a child. The court rejected the definite ban on life sentences without parole. This is becauseRead MoreJuvenile Justice : Juvenile Crime1035 Words   |  5 PagesStephani Portillo Honors English 10b Branson,6 May 19,2017 Juvenile Justice As juvenile crime increases over the years due to gang activity, bullying, etc. many offenders are given a life sentence without parole. There isn t a clear boundary that marks at what age should they be treated as adults because the severity of their action always effects that. Should a 6-year-old be convicted with life in prison or should they let them go? Is a 16-year-old enough to be charged with murder like an adultRead MoreThe Death Penalty For Juveniles1169 Words   |  5 PagesResearch Paper: Death Penalty for Juveniles Capital punishment for juveniles is one of the most controversial topics to ever be explored in society and in the criminal justice system. The death penalty is a rare occurrence amongst juveniles since it is so arguable as to whether they should be tried as adults. Lynn Cothern from the Juvenile Justice Resource Center suggests that â€Å"the primary purpose of the juvenile justice system is to hold juvenile offenders accountable for delinquent acts whileRead MoreContriction Of The Documentary : Second Chance Kids Reflection754 Words   |  4 Pagesamount of juveniles sentenced to life in prison without parole. The statistics throughout the documentary were shocking. For example, across the country, there are more than two thousand people convicted of murder as juveniles and sentenced to mandatory life in prison without the possibility of parole (Dornstein, 2017). My Thoughts Anthony Rolon was one out of roughly three dozen teens in Massachusetts to be convicted of murder and sentenced to mandatory life in prison without parole during theRead MoreJuveniles Should Not Receive Life Sentences1199 Words   |  5 PagesAbstract All juveniles should not receive life sentences for felony crimes committed one time. Every year in the US, children as young as 13 years of age are sentenced to spend the rest of their years of life in prison; sometimes, without the option of parole. Juvenile life without parole may also be known as â€Å"JLWOP.† Even though there’s a consensus saying that a child cannot be tried or held at the same standards as an adult and recognize that children are empowered to a higher level of treatmentRead MoreJuvenile Crime : The Criminal Justice System1031 Words   |  5 PagesIn the 1990s, violent juvenile crime rates had reached record high levels throughout the United States. During these years, many Americans considered the criminal justice system too easy on violent juvenile offenders and demanded reform. Many states, including Florida began to focus efforts on juvenile crime. â€Å"Florida’s criminal sentencing laws and punishment policies from 1980 to 2000 ref lected an ongoing, focused effort to deter serious crimes† (Taylor). Crimes were given stricter sentencing guidelines

Animal Testing Must Be Stopped - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1874 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/05/16 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Cruelty To Animals Essay Did you like this example? Each year, millions of animals are used to test how safe and effective products, such as cosmetics, cleaning products, and every day use products are. They are force-fed harmful chemicals, scalded, blinded, and maimed. Animal testing should be banned because it is cruel, unnecessary, inaccurate, and expensive. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Animal Testing Must Be Stopped" essay for you Create order Approximately 17 million animals are used for testing each year in the United States. Substances are injected into the animal, chemicals are force-fed, irritants are rubbed into the eyes and many of the animals lose their lives once the torturing is over. They are tortured to the point of death. At this very moment millions of animals are being tortured for our convenience in laboratories. In the laboratories theyre experimented on and live in constant pain and fear, a cycle that must be stopped. Animals in laboratories live stressful lives of being deprived daily and imprisoned due to animal testing. The only changes in their lives may come from new research and new tests being introduced into their bodies. They are experimented on every second of their life. Every year in the U.S alone over 30 million animals are used in medical, drug, and cosmetic experiments. This includes dogs, ferrets, rabbits, sheep, monkeys, pigs, cats, chimpanzees, and more. The majority of animals experimented upon are mice and rats. Animals are subjected to all types of experimenting. Each experiment has no remorse shown, procedures include things such as infecting animals with diseases, poisoning for toxicity testing, burning their skin, implanting electrodes into the brain, maiming, blinding, and other painful procedures (DAAEG). These procedures are harming and invasive, leading to many animals dying from the stress and abnormality of the procedures. Many animals go into shock from not being able to handle the process. Many times when they are introduced to these experiments they suffer and are even isolated from others to be picked upon more. This is a barbarian act in modern-day society, where much less invasive procedures exist. Some animals go days without seeing the light of the sun and are withheld of food and water due to unending testing. They spend their lives being tortured and living in cages, drugged out and unable to choose otherwise. When it comes to more toxic testing, animals are tested on the daily, all seven days of the week, sometimes they are tested for up to two years with no recovery periods in between. Many animals die before the end of the study, if they survive some are left with no limbs, sights, and many other basic functions that they might as well should have died. The pain and misery animals are put through is unjustified, especially since the experiments they are subject to are proven to be unnecessary and pointless. Animals feel pain in many of the same ways that humans do, they even cry and scream the way we do when we are in pain and agony. All of this endless torturing because of our selfish nature. We as humans can put a stop to animal testing for good especially if it deemed unnecessary. According to the FDA, they do not require animal testing before approving a product. The FDC Act does not specifically require the use of animals in testing cosmetics for safety, nor does the act subject cosmetics to FDA premarket approval (FDC Act). It is cruel to continue animal testing especially if it is not required. There are multiple cruelty free brands that have opted this alt ernative to not testing on animals. They are some of the most successful brands today, with adversely no harsh effects on humans. Buying the brands that support alternatives rather than animal testing could give us a leap into a future with cruelty free products. Another reason animal testing should be banned is because it is a waste of money. There is no point in waste us wasting our money on something you know has a slim chance of working in the end. Unfortunately, that it what happens when we test on animals. According to a new report by the Taxpayers Protection Alliance, taxpayers have spent over $150 million funding 95 experiments related to the effects of recreational drug use on animals, purportedly to gain insights into how such drugs affect human behavior and health (Washington Times). It is a massive waste of money that can be spent on many other things. They could even use that money to find ways to develop more non-animal testing methods which usually are more reliable and cost less money. Most of the tests on animals often fail at mimicking human diseases and most make a poor way of predicting what will really happen to humans and how the human body will respond. Most alternatives to animal testing have been proven more successf ul and reliable than experimenting on harmless animals. Using human tissues in toxicity testing is more accurate than animal models that are normally used. Non-animal tests have also been proven faster and more environmentally friendly. Do not let animal testing be a waste of time, money, and the lives of millions of animals annually, especially if there are alternatives. These alternatives to animal testing include sophisticated tests using human cells and tissues (also known as in vitro methods), advanced computer-modeling techniques (often referred to as in silico models), and studies with human volunteers. These and other non-animal methods are not hindered by species differences that make applying animal test results to humans difficult or impossible, and they usually take less time and money to complete. (peta.org) This new experimentation also has a better success rate than animal testing ever has. The technology is so advanced that it can replicate how it would be in actual human anatomy. These alternatives, give us a bang for our buck and guaranteed results. There is nothing better than actual replicas of what you will be using a product on. Animals are not humans. Animals and humans differ in many ways, especially in regard to anatomy, physiology and metabolism. Which is why animal testing is such a great controversy. Animal testing cannot predict how a human will react to the same drug an animal was given. We simply just do not know if it will work or not, regardless of how much studies are done. A study conducted by the pharmaceutical company Pfizer came to the conclusion that one would be better off tossing a coin than relying on animal experiments to answer the question of carcinogenic substances. Only 5 25% of the substances harmful to humans also have adverse effects on the experimental animals. Tossing a coin delivers better results (D.A.A.E.G). There is an endless amount of medicine that has worked solely off of animal experiments but caused severe or even lethal effects in humans. There have been many drugs tested on animals that simply did not work on humans. Thousands of the millions of animals that are tested on die every year fo r products that have no outcome in the end. It is selfish to not think of how many animal lives are lost in the studies that have been proved harmful to humans once we have used them. A big contribution to this is because most human diseases do not occur in animals by nature, meaning that any human like disease and symptom is stimulated into animals. For example, in order to induce Parkinsonrs disease, monkeys, rats, or mice are injected with a neurotoxin that destroy brain cells. Cancer is induced in by mice means of genetic engineering or injecting cancer cells. Cerebral strokes are caused in mice by inserting a thread into a cerebral artery. Diabetes in rats is caused by injecting a toxin that destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Heart attacks are stimulated in dogs by constricting a coronary artery with a noose (D.A.A.E.G). These procedures are extensive, invasive, and expensive. There is a rare chance that these experiments could work, making it a waste of money. There is no point in continually wasting tax payer dollars on unnatural animal testing when we have alternatives that actually replicate human anatomy. More could also be found if we spent less money on animal testing and more money on creating alternatives to ineffective animal testing. In a 2004 study from the U.S Food and Drug Administration found that 92 percent of drugs entering clinical trials following animal testing fail to be approved. Of those that were approved, half are withdrawn or relabeled due to severe or lethal adverse effects not detected during animal tests. (livescience.com) These studies show and give us the numbers of why animal testing has not been helpful. Much of the medicine that has been tested on animals has cured diseases in animals but have gone on to have deadly effects on humans. There simply are too many variables in difference of gene expression and immune functioning between animals and humans. There is extensive research that has been done that proves to us time after time that shows how wasteful animal testing is, according to Health and Human Services Secretary, Mike Leavitt, nine out of ten experimental drugs fail in clinical studies because we cannot accurately predict how they will behave in people based on laboratory and anim al studies. (https://aavs.org) Even in animals that share a large portion of genetic similarities there is failure. In 2011, the National Institute of Health concluded that there was no need for chimpanzees in biomedical research, going on to say that they have rendered chimpanzees largely nonessential as research subjects (https://www.mcclatchydc.com). If humans and chimpanzees share 96 percent of their genes and is not useful for human research, no other specie will further aid our experiments. It is illogical to think that any other animal would be effective in research if a humanrs closest relative is deemed unnecessary. Animal testing is proven time after time to be unhelpful. There is no point in continuing the torture of millions of animals after endless research has shown the unreliability of animal testing. In modern day society, many alternatives exist. A newly developed technology created by professor James Hickman, at the University of Central Florida, mimics standard human muscular function which allows researchers to monitor muscular function and its response to different treatments without using human or animal subjects. Bioengineering PhD student Alan Faulkner-Jones began pioneering the use of 3-D printing to replace medical animal testing (onegreenplanet.org) Forward-thinking scientists have developed humane, modern, and effective non-animal research methods, including human-based microdosing, in vitro technology, human-patient simulators, and sophisticated computer modeling, that are cheaper, faster, and more accurate than animal tests. (peta.org) In conclusion, animal testing should be eliminated because it violates the rights of because millions of animals. It causes unnecessary pain and suffering to experiment on animals of our own greed. We as humans cannot justify making our lives better at the extent of hurting animals through torture and execution of thousands of animals each year because of experimentation. Animals should also be treated with the same dignity we demand for ourselves. Through the advance of technology there have been multiple alternatives to end animal testing that are cheaper and more effective than torturing innocent animals. Put an end to animal testing today.